Source of names: names of officers and directors were listed in the Eugenical News (EN + date), Eugenics Quarterly (EQ + date) and Social Biology (SB + date) for the years from 1939-1994 and in "Brief History of the American Eugenics Society", Eugenical News, December 1946, vol. 31 #4, p. 49 ff for the years from 1922-1940 (EN 1946, December) and in Minutes of the American Eugenics Society 1925-39 deposited in the American Philosophical Library, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (AESM + date); a list of members as of 1925 is deposited in the American Philosophical Library in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1925 list); a list of members of the Advisory Council appeared in Eugenics, Feb., 1929 (Eugenics, Feb. 1929); a list of members appeared in the Eugenics Quarterly 1956 (EQ 1956); Frederick Osborn wrote to congratulate new members as they joined. the Society and these letters, with other letters to and from members, are deposited in the American Philosophical Society Library's American Eugenics Society collection (AESC + date); Richard Osborne, editor of Social Biology, prepared a list of members for the officers and directors of the Society in 1974 (Osborne list); Barry Mehler compiled a table of the terms served by members of the Advisory Council and the Board of Directors from 1923 to 1940 which he published in his PhD thesis, A History of the American Eugenics Society 1921-1940, UMI Dissertation Services, 1988 (Mehler + page number); other sources as specified

Allen, Dr. Gordon - Director 1954-75, 1980-85; v.p. 1972-75; Member 1986

Personal:

b. 1919; d. between 1986-1989; MD Columbia 1951; National Institute of Health (National Institute of Mental Health, research geneticist 1952-76; medical statistician 1976; division of grants for intramural research 1952-); New York State Psychiatric Institute; Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954, 1986; AAAS; International Society Twin Studies (Pres. 1977-80)

Publications:

1981 (1965) "Random and non random inbreeding" Eugenics Quarterly 12: 181-198 & Social Biology, v. 29, #1-2 (reprinted in 1981 issue of Social Biology as one of the most frequently cited articles of Social Biology); 1977 Twin Research. Proc. of Second International Congress on twin studies, Washington, DC (associate editor), 3 Vol. (New York, Liss); 1961 "Statement of the eugenic position", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 8: 181-84; 1955 "Frequency and types of mental retardation" w/ F. J. Kallmann q.v., American Journal of Human Genetics, 7, 15-20; 1955 "Perspectives in Population Eugenics", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 2, #2; biology of twins

Source: EQ 1954-68; SB 1969-75, 1980-85; AMWS 12th Ed.; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; Osborne list; AMWS 1986

Armstrong, Lillian - Corresponding Secretary 1926, 1928, 1929

Source: Mehler, p. 82; AESM 1928; Eugenics, Feb., 1929

Andrews, George Reid - Exec. Secretary 1935

Source: AESM 1935

Bajema, Carl Jay - Secretary 1969-72; Member 1974

Personal:

b. 1937; Grand Valley State College, Michigan 1969-76; Senior Population Council Research Fellow in Demography and Population Genetics 1966-67; Population Research and Training Center, University of Chicago 1967; Harvard Center for Population Studies 1967; biological anthropology

Publications:

1991 "Garrett J. Hardin (q.v.): Ecologist, educator, ethicist, and environmentalist - a biographical note" Pop. Environ. 12(3):193-212; 1991 article on Garrett Hardin in Buzzworm, Jan./Feb; 1984 Evolution by Sexual Selection Theory: prior to 1900. (Ed.) New York; 1983 Natural Selection Theory: from the Greeks to the quantitative measurements of the biometricians. 1983 (Ed.) Stroudsburg, PA, Hutchinson Ross; Eugenics: then and now. 1976 (Ed.) Stroudsburg, PA, Hutchinson Ross; Natural Selection in Human Populations: the measurement of ongoing genetic evolution in contemporary societies. 1971 New York, Wiley; 1967 "Human Population Genetics and Demography: a selected bibliography", Eugenics Quarterly p. 205; "Relation of fertility to educational attainment in a Kalamazoo public school population" 1966 Eugenics Quarterly 13:306-15; "Estimation of the direction and intensity of natural selection in relation to human intelligence by means of the intrinsic rate of natural increase" 1963 Eugenics Quarterly 10:175-87; used by Jensen

Background:

In 1969 Arthur Jensen published an article which argued that African-Americans have a genetically based intelligence deficiency which makes it useless to attempt to improve their average academic achievement to white levels. ("How much can we boost IQ and scholastic achievement" 1969, Harvard Educational Review, vol. 39, pp. 1-123) Controversy has raged ever since. (see The Mismeasurement of Man. by Stephen Gould and Not In Our Genes. by Richard Lewontin)

From the point of view of this list, the interesting thing is that Jensen relied on eugenicists at all key points in his argument. And, furthermore, he was most effectively attacked and refuted by other eugenicists - namely, Richard Lewontin q.v. and L. S. Hearnshaw q.v. of the English Eugenics Society (Cyril Burt: psychologist. 1979). Thus, much of the debate was, and still is, framed by the eugenic societies. Jensen continues to advance his point of view in the racist, eugenicist magazine, Mankind Quarterly. His later work uses articles published by C. J. Bajema. (see W. P. Draper)

Source: EQ 1967 p. 205; SB 1969-76; Jensen's bibliographies; Osborne list; AMWS, 14th ed.

Belknap, Chauncey - Director 1937-41; Secretary 1942-45; Treasurer 1946; Secretary/ Treasurer 1947-51; Treasurer 1952-59; Director 1960-61; Member, 1974

Personal:

b. 1891; Legal secretary to Oliver Wendell Holmes 1915-16; Member, Patterson, Belknap, Webb and Tyler 1920-1980; Frederick Osborn's personal lawyer; Member: American Law Institute, NY (Pres., 1960), Bar Association, NYC (Pres. 1957)

Source: AESM, April 1936; EN 1940-53; EQ 1954-61; WWWIA; Osborne list; Mehler, p. 313

Bertheau, Rudolf C. - Secretary 1936-41; Editorial Committee, Eugenical News 1939-41

Source: AESM 1936-39; EN 1939-41

Bigelow, Prof. Maurice A.- Member 1925, 1930; Pres., 1940-45; Director 1946; Acting Executive Secretary 1948-51; Secretary 1952; Hon. Secretary 1953

Personal:

b. 1872, Milford Ohio; d. Jan. 6, 1955; Teachers College, Columbia University 1899-1955 (instructor in biology 1899-1903, adj. prof. 1903-07, Prof. 1907-39, Prof. Emeritus 1939-); Ohio Wesleyan, BS 1894; lived Croton on the Hudson; Fellow, AAAS; Founder and Exec., American Nature Study Society 1908-10; American Social Hygiene Assn. (Chmn. of Exec. Cttee 1925-39, Chmn., National Education Cttee 1940-41 and 1943-45, Secretary 1942); educational consultant, US Public Health Service 1939-45; Editorial Cttee, Eugenical News 1940-52 (managing editor 1944-45)

Publications:

1937 Love and Marriage: Foundations of Social Health. (ed.) w/ H. Judy Bond q.v.), Thomas Walton Galloway, National Health Series; Adolescence: educational and hygienic problems. 1924 National Health Series; Health for Everyday. 1924 w/ Jean Broadhurst, New York; Sex Education: A Series of Lectures concerning knowledge of sex in its relation to everyday life. 1916; Introduction to Biology. 1913; Applied Biology 1911; Teaching of Zoology in Secondary Schools. 1904

Quote:

1917 Sex Education and Eugenics:

"Some of the chief facts of eugenics should be a part of every well organized scheme of sex instruction, and taught through biology" from "The Educational Attack on the Problems of Social Hygiene", EN 1917

Source: 1925 list; Sanger list 1930; WWWIA; EN 1917, 1940-53; EQ 1954

Blizard, David - Secretary/ Treasurer 1982-83

Source: SB 1982-83

Burch, Guy Irving - Sec. 1931-34; Director 1931-32, 1935-46; Member 1930

Personal:

Washington, DC; Founder/Director, Population Reference Bureau 1946 (see R. Cook); charter member, Population Association of America; Mem: Coalition of Patriotic Societies till 1942 when it was indicted for pro-Nazi sedition in DC Federal Court; lobbyist for National Committee on Federal Legislation for Birth Control; Lasker award in planned parenthood 1952 (ARTW, Jan. 1952); The United Nations, the Washington Post and other organizations and papers use the Population Reference Bureau as an impartial source on population matters. There is a picture of Guy Irving Burch in the PRB in Washington, D.C.

Publications:

1945 Population Roads to Peace or War. 1945, reissued as Human Breeding and Survival. 1947 (foreword by Prof. Walter B. Pitkin of Columbia University); "The Past and Future Growth of World Population -- A Long Range View" from the Population Bulletin #1 of the Population Reference Bureau, published by United Nations, Department of Social Affairs, Population Division; editor, Population Bulletin from Population Reference Bureau

Quotes:

-- Racism:

Burch supported Margaret Sanger and birth control because "I have long worked .... to prevent the American people from being replaced by alien or Negro stock, whether it be by immigration or by overly high birth rates among others in this country" (quoted in Chase p. 367)

-- Eugenics and National Security:

"... if we are willing to keep the focus on undesirable parentage ... then sterilization can play a rather large part in the attainment of the peace goals" (from Human Breeding and Survival. 1947 quoted in Chase p. 369)

-- Peace Through (White) Trash Disposal :

"What are the social bases on which sterilization might be indicated in the program to attain peace goals ... Looking toward a possibly economic test, are persons who are on relief to be encouraged to reproduce while they are on relief as they have been? ... Are their children more likely to be social burdens than are the children of those who are in better control of their own environment? ... Is it reasonable to ask other citizens to pay more in order that relief recipients may reproduce? Is it reasonable to impose the heavier tax burden when that additional pressure on many tax payers will be just enough to prevent their own reproduction?" (from Human Breeding and Survival. p. 97 quoted in Chase p. 369) According to Chase, Burch means that the whites who lost their jobs in the Great Depression should be sterilized. Will Clinton make similar proposals?

Source: Sanger list 1930; AESM 1931, 1932; EN 1940-46; Chase; personal communication from E. Sobo; Mehler, p. 317

Campbell, C. G. - Pres. 1931; Member 1930; (Member, Eugenics Research Association 1938)

Personal:

resigned as President of AES March 1931 when Society decided to move to New York; President, Eugenics Research Association 1935

Pubns:

"The German Racial Policy", Eugenical News, v. 21, 2 March-April 1936

Quotes:

-- Support for Nazi Policies as Eugenics:

1935 "Adolf Hitler ... guided by the nation's anthropologists, eugenists and social philosophers, has been able to construct a comprehensive racial policy of population development and improvement ... it sets a pattern ... these ideas have met stout opposition in the Rousseauian social philosophy ... which bases ... its whole social and political theory upon the patent fallacy of human equality ... racial consanguinity occurs only through endogamous mating or interbreeding within racial stock ... conditions under which racial groups of distinctly superior hereditary qualities ... have emerged" (The New York Times, August 29, 1935)

-- Aryans and Jews:

"the German Press quoted Dr. Campbell by the yard. Abroad excited Jewish editors tried to dig up something against him ... Socialite Campbell's boldest dicta: `The difference between the Jew and the Aryan is as unsurmountable as that between black and white'" (Time, Sept. 9, 1935, v. 26, #11, p. 21)

Source: Sanger list 1930; AESM 1931; ERA list 1938; The New York Times, August 29, 1935; Mehler, p. 453

Crampton, Prof. Henry E. - Secretary/Treas. 1922-25; co-incorporator, American Eugenics Society 1926; Director 1926-27; Advisory Council 1926-35; Member 1930

Personal:

zoologist, experimental biologist; Barnard Univ. 1900-1941

Source: AESM 1926; Mehler p. 327; Sanger list 1930

Davenport, C. B. - American Consultative Committee 1912-21; founding cttee, 1921; Vice Chairman, Eugenics Cttee of the United States 1923-26; v.p. 1926; Director 1923-35; Member 1930; Advisory Council 1931-35

Personal:

editorial cttee, Eugenical News 1921-38; Carnegie Institute: (Director: Station for Experimental Evolution, Cold Spring Harbor 1904-34; Director: Eugenics Record Office 1910-34); AAAS, v.p.; American Zoological Society (Pres. 1902, 1920-30); Eugenics Research Association (Hon. Pres. 1937); Galton Society (Pres. 1918-1930); International Federation of Eugenical Organizations (Pres. 1927-32); Third International Congress of Eugenics (Pres.)

Davenport is a very significant figure in eugenics. But he mainly worked through the Eugenics Research Association, The Eugenics Record Office and the IFEO. This history is well covered in most eugenics histories. The point I am trying to make is that the kinds of things Davenport did in the Thirties continue to be done by the American Eugenics Society. Histories that cover Davenport include In the Name of Eugenics, Kevles; The Legacy of Malthus, Chase, Not In Our Genes, Lewontin; The Mismeasurement of Man, Gould; The Nazi Connection, Kuhl)

Pubns:

Eugenical News, Editorial Cttee (1921-1938); 1928 "Crime, heredity and environment", Journal of Heredity, v. 19, p. 307; 1911 Heredity in Relation to Eugenics, Holt, New York

Source: AESM 1926; Sanger list 1930; Mehler p. 329-30

Dobzhansky, Theodosius - Director 1964-73; Chairman of the Board 1969-75

Personal:

b. 1900 Russia; d. 1975 California; Lect., Univ. Leningrad 1925-27; Int. Education Board, Rockefeller Fndn. Fellow at Columbia Univ. 1927-29; California Inst. Technology, asst. prof. 1929-36, Prof. genetics 1936-40); Columbia Univ. (Prof. zoology 1940-62; adjunct prof. 1962-75); Rockefeller Univ. (Prof. 1962-70, Emeritus 1970-75); Dept. of Genetics, University of California at Davis (adjunct prof genetics 1971-75); Visiting Prof. Univ. Sao Paulo, Brazil 1943, 1948-49, 1952, 1953 (city where Mengele died); Pres.: Genetics Soc. America 1941, Am. Soc. Naturalists 1950, American Teilhard de Chardin Association 1973, Behavioral Genetics Assn. 1973; Member: American Society of Human Genetics 1954, Nat. Acad. Sci Cttee, Biological Effects of Atomic Radiation, Genetics Panel 1953-60

Publications:

1983 Human Culture: a moment in evolution; 1977 Humankind: a product of evolutionary transcendence. w/ F. J. Ayala, Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press for Institute for the Study of Man in Africa (1977 Raymond Dart Lecture); 1977 Evolution w/ F. J. Ayala, L. Stebbins, J. Valentine; 1976 Man and the Biological Revolution. (Toronto, York University); Studies in the Philosophy of Biology. 1974 w/ F. J. Ayala, Berkeley, Univ. of California Press; Genetic Diversity and Human Equality. 1973 New York, Basic Books; Genetics of the Evolutionary Process 1970 New York, Columbia University Press; The Genetic Effects of Radiation. 1968 w/ Isaac Asimov, US Atomic Energy Commission; The Biology of Ultimate Concern 1967 New York, New American Library; Evolutionary Biology. 1967; Heredity and the Nature of Man. 1964 New York, Harcourt Brace; "Evolutionary and population genetics" 1963 Science, vol. 142: 1121-1135; 1963 "Genetics of race equality", Eugenics Quarterly; Hereditie, Race and Societe par L. C. Dunn and Th. Dobzhansky, Bruxelles 1964; Mankind Evolving. 1962 New Haven, Yale Univ. Press; "Genetics and Equality" 1962 Science, vol. 137:112-15; "The Present Evolution of Man", Scientific American, Sept. 1960; "Human Nature as a Product of Evolution", 1959 in New Knowledge in Human Values, Abraham Maslow, Harper; Radiation, Genes and Man. 1959 w/ Bruce Wallace, New York, Holt; The Biological Basis of Human Freedom. New York, Columbia Univ. Press 1956; "On Methods of Evolutionary Biology and Anthropology", 1957 American Scientist, v. 45; "What is an adaptive trait" 1956 American Naturalist vol. 90: 337-47; Evolution, Genetics, and Man. 1955 New York, Wiley; "A review of some fundamental concepts and problems of population genetics" 1955 in Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology. 20: 1-15; "Strangler Trees", Scientific American, Jan. 1954; "Genetics", Scientific American, Sept. 1950; "The Genetic Basis of Evolution", Scientific American, Jan. 1950; Heredity, Race and Society. 1947 w/ L.C. Dunn, New York, Penguin; Genetics and the Origin of Species. 1937 (2nd edition rev. 1941, 3rd edition 1951) New York, Columbia; Chto i kak nasleduetsia u zhivykh sushchestv ?. 1925

Graduate Students:

Bruce Wallace q.v., Richard C. Lewinton q.v., F.J. Ayala, Lee Ehrman q.v., Wyatt W. Anderson q.v., Louis Levine q.v.

Source: SB 1969-72, 1974-75; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; Osborne list

Duncan, Otis Dudley - Director 1967-72; v.p. 1969-72; Member 1974

Personal:

b. 1921; Dept. of Sociology, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson 1974; Dept. of Sociology, University of Michigan 1967-72; used by Jensen and in The Bell Curve

Publications:

1981 "Ability and Achievement", Social Biology, v. 29, #1-2 (reprinted in 1981 issue of Social Biology as one of the most frequently cited articles of Social Biology); 1967 The American Occupational Structure; 1965 "Marital Fertility and size of family of origin", Demography, vol. 2:24-49; 1965 "Farm background and differential fertility", Demography, vol. 2:240-49; 1965 (1961) Occupations and Social Status; 1964 "Residential Areas and Differential Fertility", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 11, #2

Source: EQ 1967-68; SB 1969-72 (March); Osborne list

Eckland, Bruce K. - Pres. 1972-75; Director 1968-82

Personal:

1982-1968 Dept. of Sociology, University of North Carolina

Publications:

1981 "Theories of Mate Selection", Social Biology, v. 29, #1-2 (reprinted in 1981 as one of the most frequently cited articles of Social Biology); 1967 "Genetics and Sociology: a reconsideration", American Sociological Review, vol. 32:173-94; 1965 "Academic ability, higher education and occupational mobility", American Sociological Review, vol. 30:735-46; used by Jensen

Source: EQ 1968; SB 1969-82; Osborne list

Erlenmeyer-Kimling, Prof. L. - Director 1971-72; Secretary 1972-73; Director 1973-75; Pres. 1976-78; Director 1979-84, 1992-1994

Personal:

1992 New York State Psychiatric Institute (1960-(1992) Director, Division of Developmental Behavioral Studies 1978- (1990)); an associate of Kallmann q.v. (which shows that Kallmann's influence continues in the '70's and 80's); Columbia University, Prof. of Psychiatry and Genetics 1978-(1990)

Publications:

1979 Life Span Research on the Prediction of Psychopathology. , (ed.) w/ Nancy Miller, Proc. of a conference in New York sponsored by the Society for the Study of Social Biology, Society for Life History Research in Psychopathology, and Center for Studies of Mental Health in Aging at NIH; Differential Reproduction in Individuals with Mental and Physical Disorders. 1971 (ed. w/ Irving Gottesman q.v.) Proc. of a conference sponsored by the American Eugenics Society and the Bio Medical Division of the Population Council held at Rockefeller University 1970, published for the American Eugenics Society by University of Chicago Press; Genetics and Mental Disorders. 1971 (ed.) International Arts and Sciences Press, White Plains, NY; "Genetics and intelligence: a review" 1963 w/ L. Jarvik, Science 142:1477-79 (see also Science 146:80); "Selection and schizophrenia" 1966 American Naturalist 100:651-66; "Mating and Fertility Trends in Schizophrenia" in Expanding Goals of Genetics in Psychiatry. 1962 by F. J. Kallmann q.v.

Source: SB 1971, 1972 (December), 1973-84, 1992-1994; Osborne list; AMWS 1989-90

Fairchild, Prof. Henry Pratt - Advisory Council 1923-27; sec./treas. 1926-28; v. p. 1926-28; Pres., 1929-31; Director 1926-51

Personal:

b. 1880; d. 1956; PhD; Yale (sociology 1910-12; Science of Society 1912-18); assoc. director, personnel department, War Camp. Comm. Service 1918-19; New York University (Bureau of Community Service and Research, director 1919-24; Prof. of Sociology 1924-51; Chmn., Dept. of Sociology in graduate school 1938-45); National Research Council and special investigator on immigration for the Dept. of Labor 1923; Population Association of America (First Pres. 1921-25); Town Hall Club (Pres. 1934-40); American Sociol. Society (Pres. 1936); Planned Parenthood of America Federation (a.k.a. Birth Control Federation of America till 1942; Bd. Dirs. 1932, v.p. 1939-48, after Fairchild joined the BCFA they formed a Committee (1935) on Birth Control and Eugenics; Fairchild asked the Eugenic Society for permission to join the BCFA); American-Soviet Friendship Club (National Council)

Publications:

1947 Race and Nationality as Factors in American Life; Immigration. 1913; The Melting Pot Mistake 1926; The Alien in Our Midst. 1930 (contrib. w/ Madison Grant, Lothrop Stoddard, Harry H. Laughlin, Charles Davenport, Paul Popenoe, Henry Fairfield Osborn, all of the American Eugenics Society); General Sociology. 1934; Birth Control Review, Consulting Editor 1939; People: The Quantity and Quality of Population. 1939; gave keynote speech on "Race Building in a Democracy" to Birth Control Federation of America (BCFA) and the National Committee on Planned Parenthood during 1940 annual meeting of BCFA; Economics for the Millions. 1940 (from the Book Review Digest. 1940 p. 291 quoting Books. March 17, 1940 p. 19);

Background:

-- Immigration:

The Alien in Our Midst supported the Johnson Act, the act which, for the first time in American history, set immigration quotas.

"The Johnson Act quotas were kept inviolate until Pearl Harbor Day, 1941. At least nine million human beings of what Galton and Pearson called degenerate stock, two thirds of them the Jews Dr. Stoddard had malignantly mislabeled as Central Asiatics posing as Semitic Hebrews, continued to be denied sanctuary at our gates. They were all ultimately herded into Nordic Rassenhygiene camps, where the race biologists in charge made certain that they ceased to multiply. And ceased to be." (Chase p. 360, commenting on The Alien in Our Midst)

"The whole Darwinist teaching of the struggle for existence is simply a transference from society to living nature of Hobbes' doctrine of bellum omnium contra omnes and of the bourgeois doctrine of competition together with Malthus' theory of population. When this conjurer's trick has been performed ... the same theories are transferred back again from organic nature into history and it is now claimed that their validity as eternal laws of human society has been proved. The puerility of this proceeding is so obvious that not a word need be said about it" letter to P. L. Lavrov, 12-17 November 1875 cited in Not In Our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human Nature. 1984 by R. C. Lewontin, Steven Rose, and Leon Kamin, New York, Pantheon, p. 309

-- Planned Parenthood and Race Building in 1940:

"The Annual Meeting [1940]

"The ANNUAL MEETING of the Birth Control Federation of America ... will be in effect a three day forum on Race Building in a Democracy. It will also mark the opening of the 1940 campaign of the Federation under the auspices of a National Committee for Planned Parenthood. ... The program includes the presentation of papers showing the relationship of birth control to other efforts to improve the quality of people in the United States....

"RACE BUILDING IN A DEMOCRACY: A SYMPOSIUM

"Seven vital phases of this subject, each of major importance, will be presented on Tuesday afternoon, January 23rd. Professor Henry Pratt Fairchild ... will preside. Mrs. Louis deB. Moore is in charge of arrangements for this part of the meeting...

LUNCHEON AND OPENING OF CAMPAIGN

The luncheon on Wednesday, January 24th, will be an outstanding event of the ANNUAL MEETING. ... [at this luncheon] Professor Henry Pratt Fairchild will discuss further the subject of "Race Building in a Democracy" and Dr. Woodbridge E. Morris will speak on the subject of "A National Program for the United States" The meeting will mark the opening of the Federation's 1940 financial campaign...

"Professor Fairchild, summarizing the addresses of the Symposium presented January 23rd, will evaluate the significance of a birth control program in relation to other important social efforts to improve the general welfare.

"Dr. Morris, speaking on the national program, will discuss how the Federation is prepared to assist in the application of the principles of planned parenthood to the broad program of Race Building....

"CAMPAIGN NEWS

"... A new development of the [Birth Control Federation of America] campaign this year ... is the effort now under way to enlarge the Citizens Committee into a National Committee for Planned Parenthood. ... everything promises an auspicious public launching of the effort [to enlarge the Citizens Committee into a National Committee for Planned Parenthood] at the annual luncheon to be held at the Hotel Roosevelt, Wednesday, January 24th " [the luncheon where Professor Fairchild and Dr. Morris were to speak on race building and planned parenthood] (Birth Control Review, January 1940, pp. 39-40)

Source: Mehler, p. 307, 3439-40; AESM 1926, 1927, 1929, 1935; Eugenics, Feb., 1929; EN 1939-51; F. O. Hist; Chase; Birth Control Review 1940 #3; BCR, Nov. 1939

Fisher, Prof. Irving - Society Founder 1922; Pres., 1922-26; v.p. 1929; Director 1923-40; Member 1930, 1946

Personal:

1867-1947; Economist who worked on capital and monetary theory; Yale University (BA 1888, PhD 1891, taught mathematics 1892-95, taught political economy and economics 1895-1935) ; 1910 card file system made him rich; developed idea of 'commodity dollar' 1912-35; Chmn., Board of Scientific Directors of Eugenics Record Office; Pres. of Eugenics Research Assn. 1920; representative to International Federation of Eugenic Organizations (elected 1922 Brussels); League of Nations; co-founder, Remington Rand 1926

Publications:

1932 Booms and Depressions; The Theory of Interest. 1930; Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices; The Nature of Capital and Income. 1906; The Purchasing Power of Money. 1911; The Making of Index Numbers. 1922

Background:

1924 When the American Eugenics Society began it was called the Committee on Eugenics of the United States. Irving Fisher wrote to Katherine Davis q.v. that the purpose of the Committee was to "stem the tide of threatened race degeneracy" and to protect the United States against "indiscriminate immigration, criminal degenerates, and race suicide" (quoted in Mehler, Sources in the Study of Eugenics, Mendel Newsletter, Nov., 1978)

Source: AESM 1926, 1928, 1929, 1932; Sanger list 1930; EN 1920, 1934, 1940; F. O. Hist.; EN 1946 December p. 50, 51; Encyclopedia Britannica 15th edition 1987 "Irving Fisher"

Fedoroff, Vassa; General Secretary 1926

Source: Mehler, p. 82

Folsom, Prof. Joseph K. - Director 1937-54; v. p. 1947-49; Member 1956

Personal:

b. 1893; Professor of Sociology, Vassar College 1939-45, 1954

Publications:

Plan for Marriage: an intelligent approach to marriage and parenthood. proposed by members of the staff of Vassar College. An extracurricular series of lectures, all the authors are associates of Vassar either as regular faculty or the summer Institute of Euthenics (see chapter by J. K. Folsom "Finding a mate in modern society")

Source: Mehler, p. 307; EN 1940-1953; EQ 1954, 1956

Fuller, John Langworthy - Member 1974; Director 1978-80; Pres., 1982-83

Personal:

b. 1910; State University of New York, Binghamton 1974, 1978-1980

Publications:

1987 book review of Progress or Catastrophe: The Nature of Biological Science and Its Impact on Human Society by Glass, Social Biology, v. 34, 1-2; 1986 Perspectives in Behavior Genetics. (Ed.) w/ Edward Simmel) L. Erlbaum Assoc.; 1985 "The Genetics of Alcohol Consumption in Animals", Social Biology, v. 32, 3-4; 1983 Behavior Genetics: principles and applications, (ed. w/ Edward Simmel) L. Erlbaum Assoc.; 1983 "Message from the President of the Society for the Study of Social Biology - Social Biology: Whence and Whither, Social Biology, v. 30, #1; 1983 Book review in Social Biology, v. 30, 3 of Biology and the Social Sciences: An Emerging Evolution by Wiegele; 1978 Foundations of Behavior Genetics. w/ Robert Thompson, Mosby; 1974 article in Journal of Heredity, 65, 33; 1965 Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog. w/ John Paul Scott q.v. Univ. of Chicago Press; 1965 "Suggestions from Animal Studies for Human behavior" in Methods and Goals in Human Behavior Genetics. (ed. Vandenberg); 1962 Motivation: a biological perspective., Random House; 1960 Behavior Genetics. w/ Robert Thompson, Wiley; 1956 "The Path Between Genes and Behavior Characteristics", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 3, #4; 1954 Nature and Nurture: a modern synthesis. Doubleday; 1954 "Heredity and Learning in Infrahuman Mammals" Eugenics Quarterly 1 (1)

Source: SB 1978-83; Osborne list; SCI

Goodsell, Willystine - Director 1931, 1932, 1935-46; v.p. 1937

Personal:

1939-41 assoc. prof. of education, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY; (retired 1942)

Source: AESM 1931, 1932, 1937; Mehler, p. 308; EN 1939-46

Gottesman, Prof. Irving I. - 1969-75; v.p. 1976-81

Personal:

b. 1930; PhD Univ. Minnesota 1960; Institute of Psychiatry, London 1963-64; Univ. of North Carolina (assoc. prof. of psychiatric genetics 1964-66); University of Minnesota (Prof. Dept. of Psychology 1966-80); Washington University, St. Louis (Prof., Dept. of Psychiatry 1980-85); Univ. of Virginia (Prof. of Psychology 1985-); NIMH (Cons. 1975-79, 1992; NIMH National Plan for Schizophrenia 1988-89); Commission on Huntington's Disease (Pres., 1977); Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences 1987-88; Minnesota Human Genetics League (v.p. 1967-71); Behavioral Genetics Association (Pres. 1976-77); American Society of Human Genetics, (editorial board 1967-72); Society for Research in Psychopathology (Pres. 1992); 1992 "Divided Selves", Discover, v. 13, p. 38, Sept. (about Gottesman)

Publications:

1991 Schizophrenia Genesis: the origins of madness. w/ Dorothea Wolfgram, New York, Freeman ("For anyone who has ever had an interest in understanding schizophrenia {this} is the definitive book" from publisher's blurb by fellow eugenics society member, L. Erlenmeyer-Kimling, in Scientific American, August 1991, p. 12, reviewed by Philip Morrison, Scientific American, v. 264, March, 1991, p. 122); 1989 Demography and Schizophrenia.; "Premorbid psychometric indicators of the gene for Huntington's disease", J. Consult. Clin. Psychiatry 45:1011-22; 1982 Schizophrenia: the epigenetic puzzle. w/ James Shields (ES), Cambridge University Press ("what behavioral genetics tells us about the origins of schizophrenia" from review in Social Biology 1983 p. 341); 1972 Schizophrenia and genetics: a twin study vantage point. w/ James Shields (ES) New York, Academic Press; 1971 Man, Mind and Heredity: selected papers of Eliot Slater (ES) on psychiatry and genetics. (Ed w/ James Shields (ES)) Johns Hopkins Press; 1970 Differential Reproduction in individuals with mental and physical disorders. (Ed w/ L. Erlenmeyer-Kimling q.v.) from Conference sponsored by American Eugenics Society and Bio Medical Division of the Population Council held at Rockefeller University 1970, pub. by the Univ. of Chicago Press for the American Eugenics Society; 1966 "Schizophrenia in twins: 16 years consecutive admissions to a psychiatric clinic.", Diseases of the Nervous System (Supplement) 27(7):11-19 w/ James Shields (ES); 1965 "Personality and Natural Selection", in Methods and Goals in Human Behavior Genetics. (Ed Vandenberg); 1963 "Heritability of Personality: a demonstration", Psychological Monographs 77(9):1-20; 1962 "Differential Inheritance of Psychoneuroses", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 9, #4

Source: SB 1969-81; Osborne list

Grant, Madison - Director 1923-33; co-incorporator, American Eugenics Society Inc., 1926; Director 1929; Member 1930

Personal:

1865-May 30, 1937; BA 1887 Yale; law degree Columbia 1890; New York Zoological Society (1895 co-founder with Theodore Roosevelt, Henry Fairfield Osborn Sr. q.v., Elihu Root, G. Grant LaFarge; Secretary 1895-1924; Chmn., Exec. Cttee (1908-36; Pres. 1925-37); see Julian Huxley, Pres. of London Zoological Society and London Zoo at same time; Bronx Zoo (Pres. after H. F. Osborn q.v., succeeded by H. F. Osborn Jr.); American Bison Society 1905, co-founder; Bronx Parkway Comm. (Pres., 1907-25), 1st parkway, built to reach the Bronx Zoo: Save the Redwoods League, 1910 co-founder w/ Henry Fairfield Osborn Sr. q.v. and John Merriam q.v.; Treasurer: Second (1921) and Third (1932) Eugenics Congress; Immigration Restriction League (Pres. 1922-37); Pres: Eugenics Research Assn.; Immigration Restriction League; Charter Fellow, Galton Society; no children; dressy, tenacious; obit. NY Times May 31 1937

Publications:

1936 Eugenical News, Advisory Board; 1933 The Conquest of a Continent; wrote preface to The Rising Tide of Color Against White World Supremacy.; contributed to The Alien in Our Midst. or "Selling Our Birthright for a Mess of Pottage" 1930 w/ others, pub. by Galton Publishing Co. Inc. (see H. P. Fairchild q.v.); 1916 The Passing of the Great Race. (preface by H. F. Osborn q.v., ideas of Count Gobineau on Aryan supremacy)

Background:

Johnson Immigration Act

"in 1924 he helped to frame the Johnson Act", Dictionary of American Biography, Supp. 2, p. 256, article by Fairfield Osborn

C. Grant Lafarge:

-- designed St. Matthews Cathedral, Washington and Buildings of NY Zoological Park

-- father of John Lafarge S.J.

-- Oliver LaFarge, wrote on Indians

Quotes from The Passing of the Great Race

-- Race and Immigration:

"... the New England manufacturer imported the Irish ... the immigrant laborers are now breeding out their masters and killing by filth and crowding as effectively as the sword ... Associated with this advance of democracy and the transfer of power from the higher to the lower races, we find the spread of socialism and the recrudescence of obsolete religious forms" (from The Passing of the Great Race. quoted in Chase p. 167)

-- Religion, Philanthropy and Eugenics:

"... Indiscriminate efforts to preserve babies among the lower classes often results in serious injury to the race ... Mistaken regard for what are believed to be divine laws and sentimental belief in the sanctity of human life tend to prevent both the elimination of defective infants and the sterilization of such adults as are themselves of no value to the community" (from The Passing of the Great Race. quoted in Chase p. 171)

-- Eugenics and the Jews:

"... the Polish Jew, whose dwarf stature, peculiar mentality and ruthless concentration on self interest are being engrafted upon the stock of the nation." (from The Passing of the Great Race. quoted in Chase p. 172)

-- The real goals of sterilization:

sterilization could "... be applied to an ever widening circle of social discards, beginning always with the criminal, the diseased and the insane, and extending gradually to types which may be called weaklings rather than defectives, and perhaps ultimately to worthless race types" (from The Passing of the Great Race. quoted in Chase p. 172)

Source: AESM 1926, 1930; Mehler, p. 308; Eugenics, Feb., 1929; Sanger list 1930; WWWIA; The Legacy of Malthus. Chase; F. O. Hist.; EN, May/June 1936; WWWIA

Guttmacher, Dr. Alan F. - Director 1955; v.p. 1956-63; Director 1964-66

Personal: Holocaust betrayer

MD; d. March 18, 1974; President, Planned Parenthood Federation of America 1962-1974; Mount Sinai New York 1952-66 (Director of Obstetrics 1952-62; Director Emeritus 1962-); Association for the Study of Abortion; Chmn., Lasker Committee 1961; Founder, American Association of Planned Parenthood Physicians 1963; International Planned Parenthood Federation (Management and Planning Committee (1962-63, 1964); Medical Committee, (1961-62, Chmn., 1964-68); Regional representative, Western Hemisphere (1962-63, 1964); Council 1961-62; consultant, IPPF medical publications and IPPF newsletter when Dorothy Brush was editor 1952-56; Western Hemisphere Regional Council 1955); in 1968 IPPF was assigned to assist the government of Botswana in developing family planning following visits by A. Guttmacher according to ARTW, Dec. 1968

Publications:

1973 Pregnancy, Birth and Family Planning; 1970 Understanding Sex; 1969 Birth Control and Love; 1967 The Case for Legalized Abortion, Diablo Press, Berkeley; Babies by Choice or by Chance? 1956 w/ E. Mears (ES); 1954 "Heredity Counseling. Diabetes, Pregnancy and Modern Medicine: A Genetic Misadventure" Eugenics Quarterly, v. 1, #4 (Compare with arguments in The Sanctity of Life and the Criminal Law. 1957 G. Williams (ES))

Quotes:

"My feeling is that the fetus, particularly during its early intrauterine life, is merely a group of specialized cells that do not differ materially from other cells" 1968 Symposium: Law, Morality and Abortion, 22 Rutgers Law Review, 436, quoted in Abortion, Krason

Source: EQ 1956-66; Annual Report, IPPF 1959-61, 1962-62, 1964, 1974

??Background:

Descendants:

--?? Alan Guttmacher, head of New England Region ??Genetic Register??

-- Neil Holtzman; genetic counseling and registers; 1986 "Assessment of Risk by Pregnant Women: Implications for Genetic Counseling", Social Biology, v. 33, # 1-2 Mid Atlantic

Haber, Sonja B. - Secretary 1978; Secretary/ Treasurer 1979-81; Member 1989

Personal:

1989- 1976 Brookhaven National Laboratory (1976-(1989), research assoc. in population genetics 1976-78, asst. scientist to Scientist 1978-84, Scientist 1984-(1989))

Source: SB 1978-81; SCI 1980-85; AMWS 1989

Hamburg, Beatrix A. - Director 1983; v.p. 1984-90

Personal:

1992 Pres., W. T. Grant Foundation (see D. Jenness); Harvard Medical School 1983

Publications:

1989 "Research on child and adolescent mental disorders", Science, v. 246, Nov. 10, 1989, p. 738; 1986 School-age pregnancy and parenthood: biosocial dimensions. (ed., w/ Jane B. Lancaster q.v.), sponsored by the Social Science Research Council (see Kenneth Prewitt, Lonnie Sherrod q.v.), New York, Aldine De Gruyter; 1984 "Adolescent pregnancy: biobehavioral determinants of outcome", Journal of Pediatrics, Dec., v. 105 (6), p. 857; 1980 Behavioral and psychosocial issues in diabetes, Proc. of national conference in Madison, Wisconsin sponsored by National Institute of Arthritis, Metabolism and Digestive Diseases, DHHS, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health No. 80-1993

Source: SB 1983-90

Hammons, Helen; Exec. Sec. 1951-60; editor, Eugenical News and Eugenics Quarterly 1951-60; Director 1959-67; managing editor 1959-62 and contributing editor 1963-64, Eugenics Quarterly

Personal:

1967-51 New York City.

Publications:

1960 "Evolution and the Phenomenon of Man", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 7, no. 2; 1960-1951, editor, Eugenical News and Eugenics Quarterly; 1959 Heredity Counseling. (Ed.), Symposium held at New York Academy of Medicine; 1957 "Eugenic Trends at Mid-Century: A Note on Eugenics and Current Census Data", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 4, #4; 1956 Heredity Counseling: its services and centers. (for doctors, nurses, public health workers, social workers, family life counselors, parents.) American Eugenics Society; 1956 "Perspectives: The First International Congress of Human Genetics", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 3, #4

Source: EQ 1956, 1959-67

Herndon, Dr. C. Nash - Director 1950-52; President 1953-55; Director 1956-72; Member 1974

Personal:

MD; Geneticist, Bowman Gray School of Medicine 1953-72; Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954

Publications:

1955 "Clinical Implications of Genetic Susceptibility to Diabetes Mellitus", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 2, #1; 1954 "Intelligence in Family Groups in the Blue Ridge Mountains", Eugenics Quarterly, p. 53 ff

Source: EN 1953; EQ 1954-68; SB 1969-72; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; Osborne list

Heston MD, Leonard - Member 1974, 1989; v.p. 1982-83

Personal:

b. 1930; MD 1961 Univ. of Oregon; MRC, Psychiatric Genetics Research Unit, London, England (see English Eugenics Society); Univ. of Minnesota (1970-(1989), Prof. of Psychiatry 1974-(1989)); Alzheimer and Related Disease Assn. (National Council)

Publications:

The Vanishing Mind w/ June White; 1976 "Genetic Counseling and the Presenile Dementias", Social Biology, v. 23, 2

Source: 1982-83; Osborne list; AMWS 1989

Holmes, Prof. Samuel J. - Advisory Council 1923-40; Member 1930; Pres., 1938-40

Personal:

Professor of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California; Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954

Publications:

1936 Eugenical News, Advisory Board; Studies in Evolution and Eugenics. 1932; A Bibliography of Eugenics. 1924; The Trend of the Race. 1921

Quote:

-- Race, Immigration and Nordics:

rather than Nordics "who made up the bulk of our immigration before 1880, we have been receiving hordes of Poles, Southern Italians, Greeks, Russians, especially Russian Jews, Hungarians, Slovaks, and other southern Europeans - stocks less closely related to us by blood than the Northern Europeans and less readily imbued with the spirit of our institutions" Studies in Evolution and Eugenics. quoted in Chase p. 605

(Compare with Eva Hubback of the English Eugenics Society in her post war book, The Population of Great Britain. (1947, Penguin).

"In order to ensure that those who come [immigrate to Great Britain] will make desirable citizens ... great care must be taken in the future to see that only those are admitted who are physically and mentally sound and free from any criminal record. The most desirable type will be ... from countries the background of which will make it comparatively easy for them to be assimilated ... Undoubtedly, the types of immigrant who could be most easily assimilated would be those from the countries of Northern Europe. But ... The bulk of any possible immigrants from Europe are ... likely to be drawn from Italy and the Eastern European states ... More difficult problems will be aroused by ... immigration from ... India or China ... Even though their nationals may not actually be excluded - particularly Indians who are fellow citizens of the Empire - still, it is unlikely that they will be positively encouraged, at least so long as there are strains nearer home from which to draw." (The Population of Great Britain. pp. 245, 246)

Background:

Index Catalog of the Surgeon General's Office, United States Army: Authors and Subjects. 1880-1961 (eugenic literature cataloged here)

Source: Mehler, p. 308; EN 1940; EN 1946 December p. 51; Chase; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; EN, May/June 1936

Huntington, Ellsworth - Advisory Council 1923-35; Member 1930; Treas. 1933-34; Pres., 1934-38; Director 1935-46

Personal:

b. 1876, Illinois; d. 1947; PhD; geographer; studied climate and civilization; taught Euphrates College, Turkey 1897-1901; traveled through Central Asia 1903-06; taught at Yale University 1907-17; led Yale expedition to Palestine 1909; research associate of the Carnegie Institution, Washington, D.C. 1910-13 (climate studies in United States, Mexico and Central America (climate and land forms, history, and civilization); Research Associate in Geography, Yale University 1940-46; Citizens Committee for Planned Parenthood 1939

Publications:

1945 Mainsprings of Civilization. ; Editorial Committee, Eugenical News 1942-45; Advisory Board, Eugenical News 1936; Birth Control Review, Consulting Editor 1939; The Human Habitat. 1927; Civilization and Climate. 1915 (rev Ed 1924); Palestine and Its Transformations. 1911; The Pulse of Asia. 1907

Source: Sanger list 1930; EN 1940-46, EN 1946 December p. 51; Mehler, p. 376; "Ellsworth Huntington" Encyclopedia Britannica 15th edition 1987; BCR, April and November 1939; EN, May/June 1936

Jenness, David - Secretary 1976, 1977, 1992; Member 1974

Background:

The Society's address has in the past been that of the Secretary. In 1991 the Society's address was 515 Madison Ave., New York, Y, NY 10022-5403; Society income was $45,764; Employee Insurance # was 131661611; however by 1993 the Society was not listed on the building directory at 515 Madison Ave. The W. T. Grant Foundation, whose president, Beatrix Hamburg, has been a Society officer, is at this address; Planned Parenthood-World Population has used this address.

Source: SB 1976, 1977; National Directory of Non Profit Organizations, Vol. 2, Pub. Taft Group, Rockville, MD. 1992; Osborne list

Johnson, Roswell H. - Advisory Council 1923-35; Pres., 1926-27; Director 1926-32; Sec. 1928-31; Treas. 1928; Member 1956

Personal:

Hollywood California, 1956

Pubns:

1918 Applied Eugenics w/ Paul Popenoe q.v.

Source: Mehler, p. 308; AESM 1926, 1928, 1929, 1931; Eugenics, Feb., 1929; EN 1946 December p. 51; EQ 1956

Judy-Bond, Prof. Helen - Secretary 1946; Director 1947-57

Personal:

Professor of Home Economics, Columbia University 1947-57

Source: EN 1947-53; EQ 1954-57

Kidd, Prof. Kenneth K. - Director 1978-80, 1983-85; v.p. 1991-1993

Personal:

b. 1941, California; Yale University School of Medicine (1973-; assoc. prof of human genetics 1978-81, assoc. prof. of human genetics and psychiatry 1981-86; Professor of human genetics, psychiatry, and biology 1986-); PhD (Genetics) Univ. of Wisconsin 1969; editorial board, Journal of Genetics 1986- and Journal Genomic 1987-; Member: Genetics Society of America, Society for the Study of Evolution, American Society of Human Genetics, American Association of Physical Anthropologists, Behavioral Genetics Association

Publications:

1992 "Forensic DNA typing" w/ R. Lewontin q.v. et al, Science, v. 255, Feb. 28, p. 1050; 1991 "The utility of DNA typing in forensic work", w/ Ranajit Chakraborty, Science, v. 254, Dec. 20, p. 1735; "Mapping the Human Genome: current status", Science, Oct. 12, v. 250, p. 237; 1981 "An Analysis of the Genetics of Schizophrenia", Social Biology, v. 29, #1-2 (reprinted in 1981 issue of Social Biology as one of the most frequently cited articles of Social Biology); 1980 "The Effects of Variable Age of Onset and Diagnostic Criteria on the Estimates of Linkage: An Example Using Manic Depressive Illness and Color Blindness", Social Biology, v. 27, 1

Background:

1987 "Gene link found for two major mental disorders (Manic depression and Alzheimers' ) " by Rebecca Rawls, Chemical and Engineering News, v. 65, March 9, p. 15

Source: SB 1978-80, 1983-85, 1991, 1992, 1993; AMWS 1992

Kirk, Dudley - Pres. 1969-72; Director 1956-75; Treasurer 1974 (Winter)-1978

Personal:

b. 1913; MA Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy 1935; PhD (sociology) Harvard 1946; Office of Population Research, Princeton 1939-47; US Dept. of State (demographer, office of intelligence research 1947-50; sociology advisor 1950-52; chief, division of research for Near East, South Asia, Africa 1952; chief planning officer, research and intelligence 1953-54; Demographic Director, The Population Council 1954-68 (followed by W. P. Mauldin q.v.); Stanford University (Food Research Institute 1969-75); Population Association (Pres. 1960)

Publications:

1990 book review of World Population Trends and Their Impact on Economic Development by D. Salvatore in Economic Development and Cultural Change, v. 39, Oct. 1990, p. 205; 1968 "Selective Mating, Assortative Mating, and Inbreeding: Definitions and Implications", w/ R. Lewontin q.v. and J. Crow q.v., Eugenics Quarterly, v. 15:141 (Background explanation: "assortative mating does not change gene frequency, whereas selective mating does" from H. C. Spencer, Social Biology 1992, v. 39, p. 310); 1967 Europe's Population in the Interwar Years., (1st edition 1946), New York, Gordon and Breach; 1966 "Demographic Factors Affecting the Opportunity for Natural Selection in the US", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 13, 3; 1966 "Notes at the conclusion of the Second Princeton Conference", Eugenics Quarterly 13:147-51; 1957 "The fertility of a gifted group: A study of the number of children reported by men in Who's Who", in The Nature and Transmission of the Genetic and Cultural Characteristics of Human Populations. Milbank Memorial Fund; 1955 "Dynamics of Human Populations", Eugenics Quarterly; 1944 Principles of Political Geography;; 1944 The Future Population of Europe and the Soviet Union: population projections, 1940-70., w/ F. Notestein q.v., Ansley Coale q.v., Irene Taeuber q.v. and Louise Kiser (Geneva, League of Nations); 1944 "Problems of Policy in Relation to Areas of Heavy Population Pressure", Demographic Studies of Selected Areas of Rapid Growth, Milbank Memorial Fund study

Source: EQ 1956-68; SB 1969-72, 1974-1978; Osborne list; AMWS 11th ed. 1967

Kiser, Clyde V. - Director 1958-63; Pres., 1964-68; Director 1969-71; Member 1974

Personal:

Milbank Memorial Fund 1958-63, 1969-71; during this period the Milbank was financing the Tuskegee syphilis project

Publications:

1975 The Milbank Memorial Fund: Its Leaders and Its Work 1905-74. New York, The Fund; "Forty Years of Research in Human Fertility - Retrospect and Prospect" New York 1971 Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, v. 49, no. 4, pt. 2; Demographic Aspects of the Black Community. (Ed.) 1970, 43rd Conference of the Milbank Memorial Fund held at Carnegie Endowment International Center, (Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly, v. 48, no. 2, pt. 2); Trends and Variations in Fertility in the United States. 1968 w/ Wilson Grabill and Arthur Campbell, Harvard University Press; "Types of demographic data of possible relevance to population genetics" 1965 Eugenics Quarterly 12:72-84; Research in Family Planning. 1962 (Ed.), Princeton University Press; "Differential Fertility in the United States" 1960 in Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries. Princeton Univ. Press; "Current Mating and Fertility Patterns and their demographic significance" 1959 Eugenics Quarterly 6:65-82; Social and Psychological Factors Affecting Fertility. Ed w/ P. K. Whelpton q.v.) New York, Milbank Memorial Fund, 1946-58, (reprinted from Milbank Memorial Fund Quarterly v. 21, no. 3 - v. 36, no. 3, July 1943-July 1958); The Fertility of American Women. 1958 w/ P. K. Whelpton q.v.; "Exploration of possibilities for new studies of factors affecting the size of the family" 1953 Milbank Memorial Foundation Quarterly 31, 436-480; "The Indianapolis Fertility Study - an example of planned observational research" 1953-54 Public Opinion Quarterly 17, 496-510 ("the aims, scope and methods of the study of Social and Psychological Factors Affecting Fertility which was conducted in Indianapolis under the sponsorship of the Milbank..." Review from Psychol. Abstracts 1927-58 p. 2082; see use made of this study by Frederick Osborn q.v.); "Methodological Lessons of the Indianapolis Fertility Study" 1956 Eugenics Quarterly 3, 152-56; "Number of children in relation to fertility planning and socioeconomic status" 1949 Eugenical News 34, 33-43; Group Differences in Urban Fertility. 1942 ( USPHS survey using WPA money)

Source: EQ 1964-68; SB 1971, F. O. Hist; Osborne list

Krech, Mrs. Shephard - Director 1936; v. p. 1939-46; Director 1947-58

Personal:

Maternity Center Association, NY (Pres., 1946-51; Treasurer 1952-58; Birth Control Federation of America, Advisory Council 1939; Citizens Committee for Planned Parenthood 1939

Source: AESM, April 1936; EN 1939-53; EQ 1955-58; BCR, April 1939; BCR, Feb./March 1939

Laughlin, Harry Hamilton - Pres., 1927-28; Director 1923-39

Personal:

b. 1880 Iowa; d. Jan 26, 1943; Eugenics Record Office (Founder 1910, Supt. 1910-21, in charge 1921-40); Expert Eugenic Agent for Cttee on Immigration House of Reps 1921-31 (Committee responsible for the Johnson Act by means of which the Jews attempting to flee Hitler were excluded, including Arno Motulsky q.v.); Second International Congress on Eugenics (in charge of exhibits 1921); in charge of research on genetics of thoroughbred horse since 1923 (see Margaret Sanger's slogan "breeding a race of thoroughbreds"); worked on Buck v. Bell decision; Pres., Pioneer Fund from its inception to 1941; educ. Princeton ScD 1917; epileptic; childless by choice; Representative to International Federation of Eugenics Organizations (IFEO) for Eugenics Research Association (elected at New York Congress, 1921); Mem: Permanent Emigration Comm. of International Labor Office (ILO), League of Nations 1925; eugenics associate, Psychopathic Laboratory, Municipal Court, Chicago, 1921-30 (see Olsen q.v. and "Eugenical Sterilization in the United States, Municipal Court Chicago" 1922); Member: Galton Society, Eugenics Research Assn. (Sec. Treas., 1917-39), International Comm. Eugenics since 1921; Secretary, Third International Congress Eugenics 1932; Citizens Committee for Planned Parenthood 1939

Publications:

1916-39, Assoc. editor, Eugenical News; 1919 State Institutions for the Defective, Dependent and Delinquent Classes. Bureau of the Census The General formula of Heredity. 1933; A Decade of Progress in Eugenics. 1934 (ed.); Racing Capacity in the Thoroughbred Horse. 1934; Conquest by Immigration. 1939; Current Studies on Race Conditions in the United States.; Model Eugenical Sterilization Law (copied by Hitler; how ironic that its principle was approved by Brandeis )

Background:

Sterilization for the "white trash":

In 1924 Laughlin wrote a "Scientific Analysis" of Carrie Buck's heredity for the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and Feebleminded, which was run by Supt. Bell. The analysis said that Carrie Buck and her mother "... belong to the shiftless, ignorant and worthless class of anti-social whites of the South ... the evidence points strongly toward the feeblemindedness and moral delinquency of Carrie Buck being due, primarily to inheritance ... 'a potential parent of socially inadequate offspring'". As a result, the coercive sterilization of Carrie Buck was approved by a Supreme Court which included W. H. Taft, Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. and Louis Brandeis. Justice Holmes received a letter from H. Laski, a protege of Francis Galton, which, in referring to this decision, said: "Sterilize all the unfit, among whom I include all fundamentalists" (quoted in Chase, p. 316.)

The Buck v. Bell decision was cited in Roe. v. Wade. Consequently, at present anyone who is a potential parent of socially worthless offspring, especially "white trash", can be coerced to undergo sterilization or abortion aborted if the state wishes. Various decisions by the Court over the years from 1973 to 1993 have been carefully crafted to retain this right for the State while seeming to uphold freedom of choice.

Background on International Labor Organization (ILO):

"this organization is primarily interested in the influence of changes of populations on the standard of living generally ... employment ... and ... migration" ARTW, Nov. 1953

Quote:

Orphans are "socially inadequate":

"The socially inadequate classes ... [from 1 to 9] ... and (10) Dependent (including orphans..." quoted in Chase p. 134

Source: AESM 1926, 1930; Eugenics, Feb., 1929; Mehler, p. 308; WWWIA; EN 1934; F. O. Hist.; Chase; BCR, April 1939

Lindzey, Prof. Gardner - Director 1966-1971 (March), 1972 (December 1972)-1973, 1976-1978; Pres., 1979-81; Director 1985-87

Personal:

Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences 197678, 1984-87; Harvard University 1973-74; University of Texas 1966-71 (Professor of Psychology, 1966-68)

Publications:

1989 A History of Psychology in Autobiography Vol. 8, (reviewed in 1989 Science, July 14, p. 202); 1988 (1973, 1957) Theories of Personality, 1957 w/ Calvin S. Hall (2nd edition 1970, repr. 1988) Psychology, 1985; The Handbook of Social Psychology., 5 Vol., 2nd edition 1968-69 (3rd. edition 1985), ed. w/ Elliot Aronson, Addison Wesley; An Assessment of Research Doctorate Programs in the United States. 1982 National Academy Press; Projective Techniques in Cross Cultural Research, 1976; Race Differences in Intelligence 1975 w/ J. C. Loehlin q.v., J. N. Spuhler q.v. (San Francisco, Freeman) Under the auspices of the Social Sciences Research Council's Committee on Biological Basis of Social Behavior; Study of Values 1970 w/ G. W. Allport, P. E. Vernon 1970; Contributions to Behavior Genetic Analysis: the mouse as prototype. 1969 w/ Delbert Theissen. New York, Appleton Century Crofts (Century Psychology Series); "Behavioral and morphological variation" 1967 in Genetic Diversity and Human Behavior. (Ed., J. Spuhler q.v.); Assessment of Human Motives 1958 (repr., in print 1994)

Background:

Other publications by Delbert Theissen: 1980 "Human Assortative Mating and Genetic Equilibrium: an evolutionary perspective" 1980 Ethology and Sociobiology, v. 1:111 ff

Source: EQ 1966-68; SB 1969-71 (June 1971), 1972 December, 1973-74, 1976-81, 1984-87; Osborne list

Little, C. C. - Pres. 1928-29; Director 1923-1935; Member 1930

Personal:

DSc; University of Michigan (Pres.); Maine address 1930; American Society for the Control of Cancer, New York, NY 1939; American Birth Control League, (Pres. 1937); Citizens Committee for Planned Parenthood 1939

Publications:

Birth Control Review, Consulting Editor 1939; Birth Control Federation of America (v.p., 1939, 1940); 1935 "A New Deal for Mice" Scientific American, Jan.

Source: AESM 1926, 1928; Eugenics, Feb., 1929; Sanger list 1930; EN 1939; BCR Oct. 1937; BCR, April and November and December 1939; BCR, Feb/ March 1939 and Jan. 1940; Mehler, p. 309

Loomis, Robin U. - Secretary/ Treasurer 1991-1993

Personal:

East-West Population Institute, East West Center, 1777 East West Rd., Honolulu, HI 96848; (see R. Retherford q.v.)

Background:

The East West Institute was founded and funded by Congress through AID. Researchers, such as A. Coale, working there produce evidence in favor of China's coercive population policy. Does this mean that support of China's coercive population policy is US policy? (see also Retherford, the Society president in 1991)

Source: SB 1991, 1992 1993; a guide to institutes; US Budget 1992; National Catholic Register

Lorimer, Prof. Frank - Member 1930; offered post on Executive Cttee 1936 but declined because of "government activities"; Director 1937-65, 1969-72; v.p. 1966-68

Personal:

b. 1894; BA Yale 1916; BD Union Theological Seminary 1923; PhD (under John Dewey), Columbia 1929; New York 1930; Research Fellow, Eugenics Research Association 1930-34 (note that Dynamics of Population was published with Frederick Osborn in 1934; Professor of Population Studies, American University, Washington DC 1938-65 (in Graduate Dept. of Sociology); Population Association America: Sec. 1934-39, Pres. 1946-47; Deep River, Connecticut 1969-72; New Zealand

Pubns:

1970 (1954) Culture and Human Fertility: a study of the relations of cultural conditions to fertility in non industrial and transitional societies., w/ a contribution by Meyer Fortes, New York, Greenwood Press (first published by UNESCO, Paris, 1954, repr. 1970 Greenwood Press); "Trends in capacity for intelligence" Eugenical News, 1952, 37, 17-24 ("evidence indicates a low negative association between a genetic capacity for intelligence and fertility" review from Psych. Abstracts 1927-58 p. 2389); The Population of the Soviet Union: History and Prospects. (1946 League of Nations, repr. AMS Press, in print 1994); Foundations of American Population Policy. w/ E. Wilson, C. Kiser q.v., 1940; Dynamics of Population: social and biological significance of changing birth rates in the United States. 1934 w/ Frederick Osborn q.v. (origin of soft genocide); differential fertility

Source: AESM Oct. 1936; EN 1939-53; EQ 1954-68; SB 1969-72 (March 1972); Mehler, p. 309

Osborn, Major General Frederick - Advisory Council 1928-81; Member 1930; Director 1935; sec. 1936; Sec./Treas. 1936-45 (1940 Treas. only); Pres., 1946-52; Secretary 1954-59; Secretary/ Treasurer 1960-68; Treasurer 1969-73; Director 1969-72; Member 1974

Significance:

The most significant figure in the Society from 1938 until his death in 1973 was a secret racist; developed the "eugenic hypothesis" "voluntary unconscious selection" and "Crypto-eugenics" and "reform eugenics" which were the most significant post war policies of the Society; was President of the Pioneer Fund from 1947 to 1956; sympathized with idea of deporting the African Americans to Africa but did not consider it a practical possibility

Personal:

b. 1889; nephew of H. F. Osborn Sr. q.v.; relative of Osborn of the railroads; connected through his family with many of the significant eugenic families such as the Dodges of Phelps Dodge; Princeton 1910; father was on the Board of Trustees of Princeton and helped found the Office of Population Research at Princeton; Trinity College, Cambridge, England 1911; chief of the domino warehouses during World War I, i.e., Red Cross Field Officer; worked in finance; financed Third Eugenical Congress (i.e., advanced seed money, paid debts at end; see Chase p. 326); 1937 helped found Pioneer Fund, a racist group; 1939 Citizens Committee for Planned Parenthood, another racist group; 1940 Research Associate in anthropology, American Museum of Natural History which was founded by his uncle; 1940 took part in Birth Control Federation of America's symposium on "Race Building in a Democracy", where he spoke on eugenics; Chmn., Advisory Committee on Selective Service during World War II (see P. E. Vernon (ES), A. D. Buchanan Smith (ES), D. W. LaRue q.v. and John Flanagan to form an idea of the extent of eugenic influence over officer and cook selection); Major General in Charge of Morale, World War II (this became Information and Education); Morale is propaganda on the home front, so it is here that he developed propaganda skills used in propaganda strategies, such as that set forth in "Galton and Mid Century Eugenics; Destroyed unit cohesion in the US Army by introducing system of individual rather than unit return; The American Soldier; US representative on Atomic Energy Commission (see W. J. Schull, H. Newcombe); Pioneer Fund (Pres. 1947-56); American Eugenics Society (Pres. 1946-52); "reformed" eugenics by developing crypto-eugenics; co-founder with John D. Rockefeller III of the Population Council 1953 (Staff 1969-72); 'furthered the establishment of UN Demographic training centers" (Obit); Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954; Population Assn. of America 1940-45; Eugenical News, Advisory Board 1936

Publications:

1974 "History of the American Eugenics Society", Social Biology, v. 21, 2; 1968 The Future of Human Heredity: an Introduction to Eugenics in Modern Society.; 1965 "Biological Aspects of Social Problems", Eugenics Review, v. 57, p. 182; 1963 "Excess and Unwanted Fertility", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 10, 2; 1963 "Eugenics and the Races of Man", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 10, p. 103 1960 "A return to the principles of natural selection", Eugenics Quarterly 10:103-09; 1956 "Galton and Mid Century Eugenics", (Galton Lecture, Eugenics Review; 1955 "The Makeup of the Healthy Family", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 2, # 2; 1955 "Education for Personal and Family Living", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 2, # 1; 1954 "World Population Conference in Rome sec. B-10, (abstract), Organizer, Frederick Osborn, Eugenics Quarterly, v. 1, # 2; 1954 "Effect of Birth Control on the Intelligence and Character of Succeeding Generations", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 1, # 2 1954 "Origin and Evolution of Man" (Cold Spring Harbor Symposium), Eugenics Quarterly, v. 1, #1; 1952 "The Eugenic Hypothesis: (i) "Positive Eugenics" Eugenics Review, April, p. 31 (ii) Negative Eugenics" Eugenics Review, 1952-53; 1940 Preface to Eugenics. (rev. ed 1951); 1937 "Implications of the new studies in population and psychology for the development of eugenic philosophy" Eugenical News, 22, 62-63; 1936 "Measures of Quality in the Study of Population", Annals of the American Academy of Political Science, 188, 194-204; 1934 Dynamics of Population. w/ Frank Lorimer q.v. (based on data from Yerkes q.v. according to the bibliography in The Future of Human Heredity, Frederick Osborn 1968, p. 124); 1934 "Eugenics and Social Economic Goals for America", w/ M. A. Bigelow q.v. Eugenical News 19, 71-75; 1933 Heredity and Environment: studies in the genesis of psychological characteristics w/ G. Schwesinger q.v., MacMillan (also publish ed as Studies in social eugenics, monograph no. 7 of the Eugenics Research Association); Editorial Committee, Eugenical News 1940-52

Background:

Frederick Osborn "reformed" eugenics by proposing that eugenicists conceal their true goal, which was, and is, to control human evolution by limiting marriage and parenthood to the superior stocks. He believed that less than ten percent of the population were worthy to have children. But he proposed that eugenicists never mention their conviction that most children should never have been born. Eugenicists were to assert instead a hypocritical concern for the welfare of the children of the inferior. This is the origin of Planned Parenthood's oft repeated slogan "Every child a wanted child". In reality, the eugenicists hope to manipulate the social and economic climate so that children unwanted by the eugenicists will be miserable and their miserable parents will "spontaneously" cease to want them. Ceasing to have children due to manipulation by eugenicists is called "voluntary unconscious selection" or, in other words, "CHOICE".

This project is laid out in the Galton lecture, "Galton and Mid Century Eugenics" which Osborn delivered in 1956 (Appendix A).

In addition, Osborn was deeply involved with the Pioneer Fund. In 1939 the Pioneer Fund generously offered to guarantee a college education to the child born to any Air Force officer in 1940 if the officer had three children already. But memos from the Pioneer Fund show that a pre study by John C. Flanagan had proved that such an offer would, in the majority of cases, benefit white people whose ancestors were in America before the Constitution was signed. Otherwise the offer would not have been made.

This is a model for the racism of Frederick Osborn. He made universal offers which pre studies had shown would benefit white people the most.

In discussing "reform eugenics" he generally says that Madison Grant did not have a scientific basis for his theories, which were the Aryan racism of Count Gobineau. And he condemns the "propagandistic eugenics" of the Thirties.

But he does not mean that he opposes racism. He means that a scientific basis should be provided for the assertion that white "stock" is better. He means that until the scientific basis has been provided, the propaganda should not begin. In 1969 Arthur Jensen and others thought that the work of Cyril Burt had provided such a basis. But Burt was shown to be a fraud.

In 1992 J. P. Rushton, Linda Gottfredson (SSSB), H. J. Eysenck (ES), F. J. C. McGurk (AES), and others from the Mankind Quarterly- Aryan-supremacy axis are trying again. Races which did not struggle with the glaciers in the Ice Age did not develop large brains ( Zegura ). These "r" people have small heads (Hooton and Howell), large sex organs, low IQ's (Univ. of Minnesota eugenic crowd), and criminal tendencies. (J. P. Rushton, Federal Violence Initiative). They should be detected early and given preventative treatment such as female hormones for the boys, male hormones and for the girls (J. Richard Udry, Planned Parenthood, B. Hamburg, D. Hamburger).

The American Eugenics Society had two goals: research and propaganda. In the Thirties, the Eugenics Research Association did the research and the American Eugenics Society did the propaganda. "Reform eugenics" simply means that the American Eugenics Society is to do no propaganda until its research is complete.

Even then the propaganda is not to be of the kind common in the Thirties. No one is to be told that they are second rate.

Osborn or someone else had noticed that the left supported eugenics too. Ever since John Stuart Mill the left had said that the work force should be reduced in order to make the bosses pay more in wages while the right had said that those on welfare should be reduced in order to lower taxes. Really each side was talking about a different group.

But Osborn decided to adopt the language of the left in speaking of the welfare group. As a result the left would support his proposals. If he said that the number of babies should be reduced in order that the others have more, the left could not argue with him. Or if he said that the number of poor babies should be reduced in order to improve the environment of the others, they couldn't argue.

In fact, pre studies had shown that this argument means "reduce the number of African-Americans". Instead of combating the results of racism, get rid of the "results of racism" i.e. the African-Americans. So Mr. Pioneer Fund liked it. And it does not require a direct confrontation; public relations tricks, the eugenic strategy can come into play.

That is why Osborn was in the Pioneer Fund while appearing to oppose racism in the American Eugenics Society without qualms of conscience.

There is no doubt he was a racist. He told Wickliffe Draper that he sympathized with his wish to deport the African Americans. He was President of the Pioneer Fund. He proposed a that the Pioneer Fund pay for a study of the Puerto Ricans:

"1. A research program in differential fertility, public information and family limitation in Puerto Rico, using Puerto Rico as an ideal set up and testing ground. Most of the population is of very low quality* and increasing rapidly in numbers. A study on how to control such a population would have wide repercussions."

* "quality" is crossed out and "economic" is added and "level" is substituted (see facing page) so that it is quite plain that "low quality" and "low economic level" were synonyms for Osborn. In any case, he wanted to encourage "good stock" so that when he talks of "how to control such a population" it is clear that he thinks of the people of Puerto Rico as "bad stock". They are, of course, Catholic.

Quotes:

To Wickliffe Draper:

"I still think our ultimate aims are very similar but I recognize that we go about them in such different ways that it is very hard to find a common ground." (on the occasion of resigning as President of the Pioneer Fund, Jan. 14, 1956)

from Osborn's 1968 book, The Future of Human Heredity:

On Eugenics:

-- "An even more serious threat to the genetic equilibrium is the saving of life through new medical techniques and improved public health measures" Future of Human Heredity , p. 81

-- under Hitler "Eugenic proposals had been enacted into law without the scientific evidence to support them" Future of Human Heredity, p. 86; "The old proposals had no solid scientific basis; the newer eugenic policies are based on recent large-scale studies of population trends in this country and on the recent findings of geneticists, sociologists, and psychologists ... The new eugenic policies do not give offense ... Everyone wants children to be wanted children ... Future of Human Heredity , p. 105

-- "Heredity clinics are the first eugenic proposals that have been adopted in a practical form and accepted by the public. ... The word eugenics is not associated with them." Future of Human Heredity, p. 91

-- "... at a level somewhat above that of the mentally deficient, there are a substantial number of families among whom employment is irregular, who are constantly on and off relief ... their birth rate is high ... probably as many as half their children result from pregnancies that are not wanted at the time, or ever, by one or both parents ... A reduction in the number of their unwanted children would further both the social and biological improvement of the population" Future of Human Heredity , p. 93-94

-- "People ... won't accept the idea that they are in general, second rate. We must rely on other motivation ... a system of voluntary unconscious selection ... Let's base our proposals on the desirability of having children born in homes where they will get affectionate and responsible care ... (so that eugenics) ... will move at last towards the high goal which Galton set for it." (from Galton lecture by Frederick Osborn ER 1956-57, p. 21-22; also quoted in Obit. by his son in Bulletin of the Eugenic Society, 1981 p. 47...)

-- "Eugenic goals are most likely to be attained under a name other than eugenics" Future of Human Heredity p. 104

-- "The most important eugenic policy at this time is to see that birth control is made equally available to all individuals in every class of society" (1968) Future of Human Heredity p. 98

-- He saw "fluctuations of birth rates and gene pools not as competition between super races subject to emotional value judgments, but as the results of natural events, and as subject to study and verification as any other natural process" (his son on Osborn quoted in Obit. Bulletin of the Eugenic Society 1981 p. 47)

--"environmental pressures... there is certainly a possibility that these pressures can be given a better direction and can be brought to bear on a majority of the population instead of a minority" (from "The Eugenic Hypothesis (i) Positive Eugenics")

... "social and psychological pressures brought to bear on young people and parents" (from "The Eugenic Hypothesis (ii) Negative Eugenics" p. 97)

Purpose of the Eugenics Society:

"... to seek out the genetically valuable individuals ... with the attempt to reduce births among the less valuable"

Means:

1. Manipulate the Environment

"... environmental pressures ... there is certainly a possibility that these pressures can be given a better direction and can be brought to bear on a majority of the population instead of a minority" "... social and psychological pressures brought to bear on young people and parents" "... if we can succeed in giving direction to social forces which will effect this kind of environmental selection" "selection based on early success in responding to the environment"

2. Manipulate Attitudes

"the new methods for gathering objective data on individual and group attitudes and motivations and their statistical analysis ... (are) ... tools for working on some of the possible applications of science to human affairs" "... the proposal ... would be put forward on the ground that more children would grow up in the best home environments, with no public argument made for eugenics." (Source: "The Eugenic Hypothesis" (1) Positive Eugenics (2) Negative Eugenics ER April & July 1952; "Galton and Mid Century Eugenics" Galton Lecture 1956)

3. Supply Contraceptives and Abortion

"... there are means of selection which do not require that we humiliate ... when family planning has spread to all members of the population and means of effective contraception are readily available ..." then, he thought, on average, couples will have children in relation to their income, that is, in relation to their socially valuable qualities.

The Eugenic Hypothesis:

This holds that social situations can be so manipulated that the wrong sort of people will "choose" not to have the children. For example, Robert Moses refused to put any money into parks in Harlem as Robert Caro has shown in his biography of Moses, Robert Moses and the Fall of New York.

Source: Sanger list 1930; AESM 1935; EN, May/June 1936; EN 1940-52; F. O. Hist of AES; EQ 1954-68; SB 1969-72; Chase; Birth Control Review 1940 #3 Annual Meeting Program; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; BCR, April 1939; Osborne list; Mehler; ER 1957; Current Biography; Obit. in Bulletin of the Eugenic Society 1981 p. 47

Perkins, Prof. Henry F. - Member 1925, 1930; v.p. 1931; Pres., 1931-34; Director 1931-45

Personal:

Prof. of Zoology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT. 1940-45; son of distinguished University of Vermont zoologist; Eugenical News, Advisory Board 1936

Source: AESM 1931; EN, May/June 1936; Mehler, p. 309; EN 1939-45; WWWIA; EN 1946 December p. 51

**Potts, David Malcolm (Eugenic Society Ltd. U.K. Council Member who has been working in America since 1978)

Personal:

b. 1935; MB Univ College Hosp., London, England 1962; Intern, Middlesex Hosp., London 1962-64; PhD, Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge Univ. 1964-67; International Planned Parenthood Federation, Medical Director 1968-78 (at this time Potts had had two years of clinical experience. It would be interesting to find his PhD thesis); Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 1978-1991; Bixby Prof. Family Planning and Population, Universiyt of California, Berkeley 1991-(1995); Director: Population Services International, Alan Guttmacher q.v. Institute

-- m. Caroline Mervla Deys (a Eugenics Society Ltd. Member) (div. 1979)

-- m. Marcia Jaffe 1983

Publications:

1995 editorial bd., Journal of Biosocial Science which is curently the journal of the Galton Institute (the English eugenic society); 1984 Textbook of Contraceptive Practice; 1983 Childbirth in Developing Countries; 1979 Society and Fetility; 1977 Abortion

Source: ES list; CH; WSWIA 1995.

Retherford, Robert D. - Pres. 1991-1993; Director 1989, 1990, 1994; M 1988

Personal:

East West Population Institute 1989-90; The East-West Institute was founded and is funded by Congress. It is an agency of the US Information Agency with a budget of $23,000,000. (see US Budget)

Publications:

1991 "Birth Order and Intelligence - further tests of the confluence model", American Society Review 56(2): 141-158 w/ W. H. Sewell q.v. (see J. L. Rodgers); 1988 "Intelligence and Family Size Reconsidered" w/ W. H. Sewell q.v., Social Biology, v. 35, 1-2; 1986 Recent Fertility Trends in the Pacific Islands; 1985 Comparison of Fertility Trends Estimated Alternatively from Birth Histories and Own Children; 1975 The Changing Sex Differential in Mortality

Source: SB 1989-92, 1994; US Budget

Rodgers, Jacci L. - Sec./Treas. 1994

Personal:

Dept. of Accounting, Meinders School of Business, Oklahoma City Univ. 1994

Source: SB 1994

Rodgers, Joseph Lee - Pres. 1994; M 1988, 1989

Personal:

Dept. of Psychology, Univ. Oklahoma 1994

Pubns:

1994 "Beyond nature and nurture: DF analysis of non shared influences on problem behaviors", Dev. Psychol., v. 30, p. 374 ff, May; 1989; 1993 "Social contagion and adolescent sexual behavior: a developmental EMOSA model", w/ D.C. Rowe q.v., Psychol. Review, v. 100, p. 479 ff, July; 1992 "Seasonality of First Coitus in the United States", Social Biology, v. 39, p. 1, Spring/Summer; 1992 "Sibling differences in adolescent sexual behavior inferring process models from family composition patterns", J. Marriage Family, v. 54, p. 142, Feb.; 1991 "Adolescent smoking and drinking: are they `epidemics' ", w/ D.C. Rowe q.v., J. Stud. Alcohol, v. 152, p. 110 March; 1990 "Adolescent sexual activity and mildly deviant behavior: sibling and friendship effects", w/ D.C. Rowe q.v., J. Family Issues, v. 11, p. 274, Sept. [special issue on adolescent sexuality, contraception, and child bearing]; 1989 "An `Epidemic' Model of Sexual Intercourse Prevalences for Black and White Adolescents", Social Biology, v. 36, #3-4 w/ D.C. Rowe q.v.; 1988 "The Season of Birth Paradox", Social Biology, v. 35, 3-4 w/ J. Richard Udry q.v.; 1988 "Birth order, SAT and confluence: spurious correlations and no causality", Am. Psychol., v. 43, p. 476, June (see R. Retherford q.v.); 1988 "Influence of siblings on adolescent sexual behavior", w/ D.C. Rowe, Dev. Psychol., v. 24, p. 722, Sept.; 1988 "Structural models of the American Psychological Association in 1986 - a taxonomy for organization", Am. Psychol., v. 43, p. 372, May; 1988 "Thirteen Ways to look at the correlation coefficient", w/ W. Alan Nicewander, Am. Stat., v. 42, p. 59, Feb.; 1985 "Does contiguity breed similarity? a within family analysis of non shared sources of IQ differences between siblings", Dev. Psychol., v. 21, p. 743, Sept.; 1985 "Inferring a majority from a sample: the saw toothed function phenomenon", Behav. Sci., v. 30, p. 127, July; 1984 "A model of friendship similarity in mildly deviant behaviors", Jl. Appl. Soc. Psychol., v. 14, p. 413, Sept/Oct; 1984 "Linearly independent, orthogonal and uncorrelated variables", Am. Stat., v. 38, p. 133, May; 1982 "Rescission of behaviors: inconsistent responses in adolescent sexuality data", Soc. Sci. Res., v. 11, p. 280, Sept.

Source: SB 1994

Scott, John Paul - Member 1956, 1974; Director 1959-63; v.p. 1964-65; 1966-71 (June)

Personal:

Bowling Green State University 1966-71 (Dept. of Psychology 1966-68); Roscoe B. Jackson Memorial Laboratory, Division of Behavioral Studies 1959-65; Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954

Pubns:

1987 review essay "On Genetics and Criminal Behavior" (Crime and Human Nature, by Wilson and Herrnstein ) in Social Biology, v. 34, 3-4; 1971 Social Control and Social Change (ed.), Chicago; 1969 "Biological basis of human warfare", in Interdisciplinary Relationships in the Social Sciences Chicago; 1972 Animal Behavior (rev. ed. 1972; 1st ed. 1958); 1968 Early Experience and the Organization of Behavior; 1965 Genetics and the Social Behavior of the Dog, Chicago; 1954 "Heredity and Learning Ability in Infrahuman Mammals", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 1, #1

Quotes:

"Those who control the flow of energy control the basic power by which the behavior of other individuals can be directed. In our society access to energy is primarily regulated through money ... money ... is ... one of the most efficient agents of social control ever devised" Social Control and Social Change , J. P. Scott, p. 224

Source: EQ 1956, 1959-68; SB 1969-71; Osborne list; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954

Shapiro, Harry L. - Director 1947-52; v.p. 1953; Pres. 1956-63; Director 1964-73; Member 1974

Personal:

b. 1902; 1990 obit. in Current Biography, v. 51, March, p. 61; PhD (anthropology) Harvard 1926 (see Hooton q.v.); American Museum of Natural History 1926-73 (asst. . curator to Curator of anthropology 1926-42; Curator of Anthropology 1942-68, following Clark Wissler q.v. of the AES Advisory Council, who trained Frederick Osborn q.v.; Shapiro is one of the people Osborn would have talked to about the Pioneer Fund sponsored Hall Of Human Biology and Evolution); Univ. of Hawaii, Prof., Physical anthropology (1930-35); Columbia Univ., Prof., anthropology 1943-; Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954; Eugenics Research Association; biological anthropology

Publications:

1976 Peking Man.; 1971 "Strange Unfinished Saga of Peking Man" , Nature Hist. 80:8-10, 71; 1971 Man, Culture and Society., London; 1960 The Jewish People: a biological history., UNESCO; 1960 The Race Question in Modern Science.; 1959 "Eugenics and Future Society", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 6, # 1; 1939 Migration and Environment: a study of the physical characteristics of the Japanese immigrants to Hawaii and the effects of environment on their descendants., w/ F. S. Hulse q.v., Oxford Univ. Press; 1933 The Physical Characteristics of the Ortong Javanese. 1933

Quotes:

1933 "... it is conceivable, even inevitable, in the future society of which man will be a part that the population will be mated as carefully as the animal breeder now controls his stock" (from Natural History, Nov-Dec. 1933 quoted in Current Biography 1952 "Harry Shapiro"

Source: EN 1947-53; EQ 1956-68; SB 1969-73; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; Osborne list; AMWS 14th ed.

Sherrod, Lonnie R. - Treasurer 1984-90

Personal:

Social Science Research Council, 605 Third Ave., NY, NY 10158

Publications:

1986 Human Development and the Life Course: multidisciplinary perspectives. sponsored by the Social Sciences Research Council w/ Aage B. Sorensen and Franz Weiner, pub. L. Erlbaum Associates; 1981 Infant Social Cognition: Empirical Theoretical Considerations

Source: SB 1984-90

Slade, Valeda - Secretary 1989, 1990

Personal:

1990 Population Council, One Dag Hammarskold Place, NY, NY 10017; 1986 Membership Chairman of SSSB

Pubns:

1986 editor, Studies in Family Planning

Source: SB 1989, 1990; Population Council Annual Report p. 57

Snyder, Prof. Laurence H. - Director 1947-49; v.p. 1950-52; Director 1953

Personal;

b. 1901; Dean of the Graduate College, Univ. of Oklahoma 1947-53; American Society of Human Genetics v.p. 1948, 1949, Pres. 1950)

Pubns:

Blood Groups. 1973 Minneapolis, Burgess (Basic Concepts in Anthropology); Computer Applications in Genetics: proceedings of a Congress dedicated to L. H. Snyder. 1969 sponsored by University of Hawaii and NIH Division of Research grants, Genetics Study Section, published by the Univ. of Hawaii Press; The Principles of Heredity. 1957 5th Ed (1st Ed 1935); Genetics, Medicine and Man. 1947 by H. J. Muller w/ L. H. Snyder (Messenger Lectures on the Evolution of Civilization, Cornell University 1945); Medical Genetics: a series of lectures presented to the medical schools of Duke University, Wake Forest College, and the University of North Carolina. 1941 Duke University Press; "Strange Sensations", Scientific American, July 1936; "Whose Baby", Scientific American, April 1934; Blood Groupings in Relation to Clinical and Legal Medicine. 1929 Williams and Wilkins

Source: EN 1947-53; AJHG, 1952, v. 4, #4 (Historical note)

Teitelbaum, Michael S. - Director 1972-79, 1981-83; Pres. 1985-90; Director 1992-1994

Personal:

Alfred P. Sloan Foundation 1992-1994; Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 1981-83; Ford Foundation 1970-1982 (University of Oxford 1976-79; Ford Foundation 1973-75; Princeton University 1972-73); headed undisclosed, undebated US population policy development in the US Congress, according to his own account in The International Encyclopedia of Population. "United States" while at the Ford Foundation, see also Limiting Population Growth and the Ford Foundation, John Caldwell, 1986, p. 78-80

Pubns:

1994 Member, Jordan Commission which recommended that all Americans carry an ID card. (see "A minicomputer tells if workers are in the country", PI, 3/6/95 for implications); 1992 "The population threat: international aspects of overpopulation", Foreign Affairs, v. 71, #5, Winter 1992-93 (article "draws on contributions by members of the Council on Foreign Relations Study Group on Population and US Policy", p. 63, 1992-93, Foreign Affairs, v. 71, #5); 1990 "New polemics on immigration" (open door policy questioned), Journal of Commerce and Commercial, v. 386, Oct. 18, p. 14A; 1989 Population , Resources and the Environment: The Interplay of Science Ideology and Intellectual Traditions, Cambridge; 1985 The Fear of Population Decline w/ Jay M. Winter; 1984 The British Fertility Decline: demographic transition in the crucible of the industrial revolution, Princeton Univ. Press; 1976 Sex Differences: social and biological perspectives. (ed.) Anchor Press; 1975 "Relevance of Demographic Transition Theory for Developing Countries", Science, 188:4187, 420-25; 1972 "Factors associated with the sex ratio in human populations" in The Structure of Human Populations 1972 (eds.) G. A. Harrison (ES, q.v.) and A. J. Boyce (ES)

Source: SB 1972-79, 1981-83, 1985-90, 1992-1994

Whitney, Leon Fradley - Executive Secretary 1924-1934; Member 1930; Director 1932

Personal:

1894-April 11, 1973; BS Massachusetts Agricultural College 1916; Yale Univ. (School of Medicine, clin. instr. pathology (1946-60); Leon F. Whitney Collection of Dogs, Peabody Museum at Yale); Member: American Genetics Assn., Eugenics Research Assn., American Psychological Assn., American Veterinary Medicine Assn.

Pubns:

1968 The Basis of Breeding Racing Pigeons; 1960 Breed Your Dog; 1960 Birth Control Today; 1952 All About Guppies; 1952 The Coon Hunters Handbook; 1937 How to Breed Dogs; 1934 The Case for Sterilization; 1933 Sex and Birth Control; 1928 The Basis of Breeding; The Builders of America w/ Ellsworth Huntington q.v.

Source: AESM 1925-32; Eugenics, Feb., 1929; WWWIA v.6

Wood, James - Director 1993; v. p. 1994

Personal:

Penn State 1993

Publications:

1993 "How does variation in fetal loss affect the distribution of waiting times to conception?" w/ Maxine Weinstein q.v., Daniel D. Greenfield, Social Biology, v. 40, 1-2; 1992 "Hazards model for human population biology", Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., Suppl. 15, p. 43; 1990 "Birth Spacing Patterns in Human and Apes", w/ Birute M. F. Galdikas, Am. J. Phys. Anthrop., v. 83, p. 185, October; 1991 "Heterogeneity in fecundability" in J. Adams et al, Convergent Issues in Genetics and Demography, Oxford Univ. Press, New York; 1989 "Fertility in Traditional Societies" in Natural Human Fertility: social and biological mechanisms, Sue Teper (ES) and P. Diggory, London; 1989 "Fecundity and Natural Fertility in Humans" in Oxford Reviews of Reproductive Biology , v. 11, Oxford; 1988 "A Model of age-specific fecundability", w/ M. Weinstein q.v., Pop. Studies, v. 42:85 ff ; 1986 " Convergences of genetic distances in a migration matrix model", Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., v. 71, p. 209, Oct.

Source: SB 1993, 1994

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