Source of names: names of officers and directors were listed in the Eugenical News (EN + date), Eugenics Quarterly (EQ + date) and Social Biology (SB + date) for the years from 1939-1994 and in "Brief History of the American Eugenics Society", Eugenical News, December 1946, vol. 31 #4, p. 49 ff for the years from 1922-1940 (EN 1946, December) and in Minutes of the American Eugenics Society 1925-39 deposited in the American Philosophical Library, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (AESM + date); a list of members as of 1925 is deposited in the American Philosophical Library in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1925 list); a list of members of the Advisory Council appeared in Eugenics, Feb., 1929 (Eugenics, Feb. 1929); a list of members appeared in the Eugenics Quarterly 1956 (EQ 1956); Frederick Osborn wrote to congratulate new members as they joined. the Society and these letters, with other letters to and from members, are deposited in the American Philosophical Society Library's American Eugenics Society collection (AESC + date); Richard Osborne, editor of Social Biology, prepared a list of members for the officers and directors of the Society in 1974 (Osborne list); Barry Mehler compiled a table of the terms served by members of the Advisory Council and the Board of Directors from 1923 to 1940 which he published in his PhD thesis, A History of the American Eugenics Society 1921-1940, UMI Dissertation Services, 1988 (Mehler + page number); other sources as specified

Allen, Dr. Gordon - see under officers

Anderson, Loyd L. - 1931

Source: AESM 1931

Bajema, Carl Jay - see under officers

Belknap, Chauncey - see under officers

Bentley, Gillian R. - 1994

Personal:

Northwestern Univ. 1994

Pubns:

"Is the fertility of agriculturalists higher than that of non agriculturalists", Curr. Anthropol., v. 34, p. 778 ff, Dec.

Source: SB 1994

Bigelow, Maurice - see under officers

Bodmer, Prof. Walter F. - Director 1971; Member (Foreign) 1974

Personal:

b. 1936; Director, Human Genome Project in England, 1992; Imperial Cancer Research Fund, England; Stanford University 1971; member Eugenics Society, England (see entry in Eugenics Society list)

Publications:

1992 "Genome Research in Europe", Science, v. 256, April 24, p. 480; "Molecular analysis of APC mutations in familial adenomatous polyposis and sporadic colon carcinomas" w/ others, The Lancet, v. 340, Sept. 12, p. 626; 1987 "Localisation of the Gene for Adenomatous Polyposis on Chromosome 5:, Nature 328:614-16; Mathematical Genetics. (ed. w/ J. F. C. Kingman ), Proc. of the Royal Society, Biological Sciences, v. 219 #1216; Oncogenes: their role in normal and malignant growth. 1984 Proc. of Royal Society w/ R. Weiss and J. Wyke, Series B. v. 226 (#1242); Inheritance of Susceptibility to Cancer in Man. 1982 (Ed.) published for Imperial Cancer Research Fund by Oxford Press; Genetics of the Cell Surface. (Ed.) Proc. of the Royal Society Series B. v. 202 (#1146); 1979 "Evolution of a Sickle Variant Gene", Lancet, II:923; Genetics, Evolution and Man. 1976 w/ Luigi L. Cavalli-Sforza, San Francisco, Freeman; Our Future Inheritance: chance or choice? 1974 (a study by a British Association for the Advancement of Science working party) w/ Alun Jones. Oxford Univ. Press; The Genetics of Human Populations. 1971 w/ Luigi L. Cavalli-Sforza, San Francisco, Freeman; "Intelligence and Race", w/ L. L. Cavalli-Sforza q.v., Scientific American, Oct. 1970; Genetic Organization: a comprehensive treatise. 1969 Ed by Ernst Caspari and Arnold Ravin w/ contrib. by W. F. Bodmer ) New York, Academic Press; "Perspectives in Genetic Demography" 1967 w/ L. Cavalli-Sforza in Proceedings of the World Population Conference, 1965. Vol. 2, United Nations; "A program for genetic demography based on data from large scale social surveys" Eugenics Quarterly 12:85-89

Source: SB 1971 (June), ES list

Bongaarts, John - 1988-93

Personal:

1993-1988 Population Council (v.p. 1992; Director, Research Division 1992; Medical Abortifacients Advisory Committee 1992)

Publications:

1994 "Can the Growing Human Population Feed Itself", Scientific American, March; 1991 Family Demography: Methods and Their Application; 1990 "The Measurement of Wanted Fertility", Population Council Working Paper #10; 1983 Fertility, Biology and Behavior: analysis of the proximate determinants. w/ Robert G. Potter q.v. Academic Press; The proximate determinants of natural marriage fertility 1982 New York, Population Council Working Papers, Center for Policy Studies; 1978 "A framework for analyzing the proximate determinants of fertility", Pop. Dev. Rev., v. 4, #1, p. 105 ff

Background:

In 1990 in "The Measurement of Wanted Fertility", Population Council Working Paper #10, Bongaarts developed a new method of measuring "wanted fertility". He applied this method to 48 surveys from developing countries and concluded that 26% of fertility is unwanted. (Population Council Index, v. 56, #2, F.4.4.). This piece of "data" is the basis for many statements about the need for contraception and abortion world wide. Analyzing Bongaarts' method is an area where research is needed.

Source: SB 1988-1993; Population Council Annual Report 1992

Borg, Sidney - 1938

Personal:

American Eugenics Society meeting told that Mr. Borg was a leader among the Jewish people in New York City (Minutes, May 1938)

Source: AESM, May 1938

Bouchard Jr., Thomas J. - 1993-94

Personal:

b. 1937; PhD, Univ. California, Berkeley 1966; Univ., Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1969-1994 (Prof. 1973-(1994), Chmn., Dept. of Psychology, 1985-91, Dir., Minnesota Center Twin and Adoption Research 1980-(1994); Minnesota Twin Study supported by the Pioneer Fund (see W. P. Draper))

Publications:

1993 "Heritability of Interests: a twin study" w/ David T. Lykken, Matthew McGue, Auke Tellegen, Journal of Applied Psychology, v. 78, August, p. 649; 1993 Grief intensity following the loss of a twin and other relatives: test of kinship genetic hypothesis", Human Biology, February, v. 65, p. 87 with correction in Human Biology April 1993, v. 65, p. 337; 1992 "Work Values: Genetic and Environmental Influences" w/ L. Keller, Nancy L. Segal et al, Journal of Applied Psychology, v. 77, Feb., p. 79; 1990 "Sources of human psychological differences: the Minnesota study of twins reared apart," w/ David T. Lykken, Matthew McGue, Nancy L. Segal and Auke Tellegen, Science, v. 250, Oct. 12, p. 223; "Sex Differences in Human Spatial Ability: Not an X-linked Recessive Gene Effect", Social Biology, v. 24, 4

Background:

The Minnesota Twin Study claimed to demonstrate a high heritability for IQ. Daniel Seligman explains the implications to the readers of Fortune. "... high heritabilities make it harder to relate [status] to privileged environments. Such figures are also bad news for social engineers with schemes to equalize IQ's, e.g. via early intervention in the lives of children with low scoring parents. The higher the heritability, the harder it to believe that the kids can be turned into middle class professionals. ... the liberal media keep looking for environmental explanations of IQ ... [which] is a stunning howler, deserving to be cataloged with flat earth views about our planet ... the Bouchard data look threatening only to egalitarian doctrinaires." Daniel Seligman, "Keeping Up", Fortune, Nov. 19, 1990. (see also "Genes on the Job", in Fortune, "Keeping Up", Jan. 13, 1992; 1992 "Work Values: Genetic and Environmental Influences" T. J. Bouchard, L. Keller, Nancy L. Segal et al, Journal of Applied Psychology, v. 77, Feb., p. 79)

Source: SB 1993-94; WSWIA 1995

Brace, C. Loring - 1974, 1985-87, 1989

Personal:

b. 1930, New Hampshire; PhD 1962 (anthrop) Harvard; Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (assoc. prof. 1967-71; Prof. Anthropology 1971- (1976); Museum of Physical Anthropology (1967-(1987); Curator, 1967-(1976)); AAAS; Am. Assn. Physical Anthropologists; history of biology and anthropology

Source: Osborne list; SB 1985-87; AMWS 1976, 1989

Bresler, Jack B. - 1971 (Sept.), 1972 (March); Member 1974, 1976, 1986

Personal:

Veterans Administration, Central Office, senior researcher 1980-health planning

b. 1923 NYC; PhD 1957 (biology) Univ. of Illinois; Tufts University, assoc. prof. and director of research 1966-76; NIH, cons., Collaborative Study Human Reproduction 1957-62; Columbia Univ. seminar 1957-62 (see R.H. Osborne); National Science Foundation, application review 1974-76; AAAS; Behavioral Genetics Society; "genetic and social consequences of inter ethnic matings" (AMWS 1976)

Publications:

1981 "Outcrossings in Caucasians and Fetal Loss", Social Biology, v. 29, #1-2 (reprinted in 1981 issue of Social Biology as one of the most frequently cited articles of Social Biology); 1973 Genetics and Society. 1973 (A W series in the life sciences), Reading, Massachusetts, Addison Wesley (A W); 1968 Environments of Man. (A W series in the life sciences) Addison Wesley; 1966 Human Ecology: collected readings. (A W series in the life sciences) Addison Wesley; 1962 "The relationship between the fertility patterns of the F1 generation and the number of counties of birth represented in the P1 generation" American Journal of Physical Anthropology 20:509; 1961 "The relation of population fertility levels to ethnic group backgrounds," Eugenics Quarterly 8:12-22; 1961 "The Human Biology of Academic Potential: A Proposed Investigation", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 8, #1; genetic and social consequences of inter ethnic mating; manuscript reviewer for Social Biology 1965-(1972)

Source: SB 1971 (Sept.), 1972 (March); Osborne list; AMWS 1976, 1986, AMWS 12th ed

Bruell, Jan - 1974, 1985-1987

Personal:

University of Texas 1985-87

Source: Osborne list; SB 1985-87

Brush, Mrs. Dorothy H. - 1956-63

Personal:

1917 Smith College; worked with Margaret Sanger 1930's; International Planned Parenthood Federation, (Honorary Advisory for Field Work Services 1959); Editor, Around the World News of Population and Birth Control 1952-56 (the International Planned Parenthood Federation's newsletter); Chmn., Brush Foundation for Race Betterment 1957-63; associate of Margaret Sanger

Background:

friend of Margaret Sanger; read Plato's Republic in college; married into the family of Charles Francis Brush (Charles Francis Brush 1849-1929; invented arc lamp used for street lighting in Cleveland; founded Brush Electric Company; became rich); founded Maternal Health Association of Cleveland; Charles Francis Brush Jr. died; Married Alexander Dick, divorced; married Dr. Lewis C. Walmsley, a former missionary; three planned children (Charles F. Brush, Mrs. Sylvia Dick Karas); Charles Francis Brush founded Brush Foundation for Race Betterment in son's honor; National Committee on Federal Legislation, Secretary; "birth control missionary" with Margaret Sanger in 1937; Steering committee which founded Planned Parenthood Federation of America 1939; International Planned Parenthood Committee, Secretary 1946; IPPF observer to United Nations Population Conference in Rome 1954; lecture tour in Japan with Abraham Stone and Margaret Sanger 1952

-- Jewish Emigration under Hitler

Dorothy Brush was an aunt of Juliet Rublee, who was an owner of the Birth Control Review 1919; Juliet Rublee's husband, George Rublee, was charged by the League of Nations with the task of attempting to extricate 650,000 Jews and 75,000 German Catholics from Hitler's Germany in 1938. An impossible job - but was he the best man? After all, Margaret Sanger's Birth Control Review allowed Professor Ernst Rudin to publish an article on sterilization in 1932. Rudin went on to help write Hitler's race laws, the laws leading to the desire of the Jews to get out of Germany.

-- RCAR and the Brush Foundation:

after Mrs. Brush's death, the Brush Foundation for Race Betterment gave money to the Religious Coalition for Abortion Rights (RCAR)

-- Brush Foundation, IPPF and Racial Hygiene:

"To those of us who have reason to be grateful to the Brush Foundation for Race Betterment (USA) - not least among them the readers of this News [the IPPF newsletter, Around the World News of Population and Birth Control] - the publication of a brochure marking the thirtieth anniversary of the Brush Foundation will be of interest... $500,000, the income of which only can be used, was placed in the hands of the Cleveland (Ohio) Trust Company. Mr. Brush's grandson, Mr. Maurice Perkins, gave $250,000 with no restriction on the use of capital ... it is from this fund that the Brush Foundation has recently allocated to the IPPF $25,000 for each of two years for pioneer projects... In 1948 .... the Foundation provided the bulk of the funds necessary to establish an international planned parenthood office, which is now the IPPF Headquarters office. A subsidy, which in 1955 was increased to $5,000, has been made annually for its operating expenses. The Foundation contributed to the organizational expenses of both the Bombay and Tokyo Conferences under IPPF auspices in 1952 and 1955. It also underwrites this bulletin to the extent of $10,000 a year. The total amount to June 30, 1957, expended by the Brush Foundation in support of the IPPF was approximately $106,000 (33,855 British pounds). The Brush Foundation has recently joined with the Watumull Foundation of Hawaii in an effort to raise further funds for the IPPF.... among the research projects [other than the IPPF] listed in the brochure are an enquiry into the growth and development of the well-born child ($266,000), virus research ($250,000), assistance to the Maternal Health Association of Cleveland ($97,000) and research in human reproduction including assistance to the Cleveland Infertility Clinic. ($136,000)" (ARTW, Dec. 1957)

A "Review of Third Annual Report of the IPPF" in the IPPF newsletter (ARTW) included the following statements:"... the generous increase in the grant made by the Brush Foundation from $3,000 to $5,000 a year as from May 1955 for the maintenance of Headquarters ... A well-merited tribute is paid to the punctilious - and always punctual - work done by Mrs. Dorothy Brush as editor of the News from 1952 to 1956 ... reports from three of its member organizations ... Australia: The Racial Hygiene Association of Australia, affiliated to the American Social Hygiene Association ... family planning, premarital counseling, marriage guidance, sex education and the promotion of eugenics ... Ceylon: ... only those contraceptive methods approved by the IPPF are recommended by the [Family Planning Association of Ceylon]... Financial aid has also been made available by Dr. Clarence Gamble through the National Committee on Maternal Health (New York) ... Pakistan:... In 1955 Mr. Justice Muhammad Munir, Chief Justice of Pakistan, honored the [Family Planning Association of Pakistan] by becoming its president." ARTW, Dec. 1957

Source: SB 1962-63; Margaret Sanger.; WWWIA; Brush Foundation Annual Reports; Nazi histories; Encyclopedia Britannica 15th edition "Charles Francis Brush; ARTW Dec. 1957 (IPPF Meetings); ARTW, Jan 1957 ("Feathers in My Cap", a short memoir by Dorothy Brush)

Burch, Guy Irving - see under officers

Burden, William A. M. - Director 1950-61; Member 1974

Personal:

Council on Foreign Relations (director 1945); Business Administration, New York City 1950-59; United States ambassador to Belgium 1960-61

Source: EN 1950-53; EQ 1954-61; Osborne list; WWWIA

Burgess, Prof. Earnest W.- 1946-58

Personal:

1886-1966; b. Canada; BA 1908 Kingfisher College, Oklahoma; PhD 1913 University of Chicago; University of Chicago 1916-66 (Prof. of Sociology 1946-52, Emeritus 1953-66; Behavioral Research Fund of Chicago (acting director 1930-31, director 1931-39); acting director, Family Study Center 1956-57); studied nature of family, possibility of predicting success in marriage

Publications:

On Community, Family and Delinquency: Selected Writings of Earnest Burgess. 1973 Ed by L. Cottrell, Albert Hunter and James Short) Univ. of Chicago Press; Successful Marriage: a modern guide to love, sex and family life. Ed w/ Morris Fishbein), rev. Ed 1963 (1957 edition has title Modern Marriage and Family Living.); Retirement Preparation: Chicago Plan. 1961; Aging in Western Societies. 1960 Univ. of Chicago Press (studied retirement and efficacy of government programs); 1949 Successful Marriage: an authoritative guide to problems related to marriage from the beginning of sexual attraction to matrimony and the successful rearing of a family. (ed w/ Fishbein); "The Sociological Theory of Psychosexual behavior" in Psychosexual Developments in Health and Disease. P. Hoch q.v.; 1945 The Family: from institution to companionship.; 1939 Predicting Success (cited by F. J. Kallmann AJHG 1952, 4, 209); Introduction to the Science of Sociology. 1924 w/ R. Park, Univ. of Chicago Press (reprinted 1929). One of Burgess's most important works, a classic, set new directions in sociology. It was used with a type of psychology based on the work of William James and developed by John Dewey and George Mead. This saw the self as formed by interaction with others. Burgess saw collective behavior as a "circular reaction" in which each self reacts by mirroring the action or sentiments of another which intensifies the first person's reaction. So propaganda, psychological warfare, social marketing and advertising are simply four ways to mold this plasticity in a good direction. Ed note); 1916 The function of socialization in social evolution; Editor: Marriage and Family Living 1939-50; American Journal of Sociology 1936-40;

Source: EN 1946-53; EQ 1954-58; Encyclopedia Britannica 15th edition "Earnest Burgess", and vol. 27:382 and vol. 16:616; WWWIA

Burks, Barbara S. - Member 1930, Director 1942

Personal:

English; California 1930; Dept. of Psychology, Columbia University 1942

Publications:

worked with L. Terman q.v. on Genetic Studies of Genius; "The Relative Influence of Nature and Nurture upon Mental Development: A Comparative Study of Foster- Foster Child Resemblance and True Parent True Child Resemblance" 1928, Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education, Vol. 27 pp. 219-316

Source: Sanger list 1930; EN 1942

Buxton, Prof. Dr. C. Lee - Member 1956; Director 1958-66

Personal:

MD; Prof. of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, Yale University 1958-66; while chairman of the department of obstetrics at Yale, he, with Mrs. Griswold of Planned Parenthood of Connecticut, appealed a case on contraception to the US Supreme Court (Griswold v. Connecticut); four of his patients appealed as well

Background:

"In June 1961 the Planned Parenthood League of Connecticut decided to challenge their state anti birth control law in the Supreme Court, which declined to give a ruling ... The Planned Parenthood League of Connecticut therefore went ahead and opened a clinic, which they operated for ten days ... it was closed by the police ... The Executive Director of the League and its Medical Adviser, who is Chief of Obstetrics and Surgery at Yale University was arrested; on 2nd January 1962, Dr. Buxton and Mrs. Griswold were found guilty ... An appeal has been filed to the Higher State Courts. The issues involved in the case are of world importance to the family planning movement" from Annual Report, International Planned Parenthood Federation 1959-61 p. 13 (Griswold v. Connecticut)

Source: EQ 1956, 1958-66; Doctors, Patients and Health Insurance. 1961 p. 219

Callahan, Daniel - 1987-92

Personal:

b. 1930; Assoc. editor, Commonweal 1962-69, has not believed in the Catholic Church for years but is still used by Commonweal as a spokesman for "Commonweal", i.e., dissenting Catholics; should be used a spokesman for apostates; Population Council 1969; Founder/Director, Hastings Center 1969-94

Publications:

1992 "The Euthanasia Debate: a problem with self determination", Current, (Washington, DC), v. 346, p. 15, Oct.; 1990 What Kind of Life: the limits of medical progress., Simon and Schuster; Case Studies in Ethics and Medical Rehabilitation. 1988 (ed. w/ Janet Haas, Arthur L. Caplan), Hastings Center; 1988 Biomedical ethics: an anglo-american dialogue., w/ Gordon Reginald Dunstan. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (Dunstan was chaplain to QE II. Many Royal physicians and chaplains have been involved with eugenics. King George V was euthanised by his physician, Lord Dawson of Penn.); Setting Limits: medical goals in an aging society. 1987 Simon and Schuster; Abortion: Understanding Differences. 1984 w/ Sidney Cornelia Callahan, Hastings Center Series in Ethics; Limited Health Care Resources: ethical implications of our choices. 1983 address to Health Planning Council for Greater Boston; Science, Ethics and Medicine. 1976 ed. w/ Tristram Engelhardt, Jr.) Hastings Center; "Abortion: Thinking and Experiencing" in Christianity and Crisis, April 6, 1973, 295 ff; "Living with the New Biology" Center Magazine, v. 5, 1972, p. 4 ff; Abortion: Law, Choice and Morality. 1970 Macmillan; The Catholic Case for Contraception. 1969 London, Arlington Books

Background:

How Dissent Forwarded the Eugenic Agenda:

"The appearance of the pill had another quite dramatic effect on the population debate in that its nature and the possibility of its acceptance as a licit method so divided the Catholic Church that there was never again to be a politically important Catholic opposition to the use of technical aid funds to support either biomedical research into human reproduction or Third World family planning programs. Later in 1964 the Vatican Commission began its inquiry into oral contraception that was to last two years" Limiting Population Growth and the Ford Foundation, John Caldwell (q.v.). 1986, p. 78

Source: SB 1987-92; WSW 1992-93; Hastings Center Report, March/ April 1994

Cobb MD, Prof. Dr. W. Montague - 1958-66

Personal:

b. 1904, Washington, DC; PhD Case Western Reserve, Cleveland 1932; Fellow, Case Western Reserve 1933-44; Howard University (MD 1929, Asst. prof. to prof. anatomy 1932-69, head, Dept. of Anatomy, 1947-69, Distinguished Prof. 1969-73, Emeritus 1973-, Exec. cttee of Medical School 1945-69); NAACP (Chmn., National Medical Committee 1944-77; Pres. 1977-82); editor, Journal Nat. Med. Assn. 1949-77; American Association of Physical Anthropologists (assoc. editor of Journal 1949-)

Source: EQ 1958-66; AMWS 1982

Cohen, Prof. Joel E. - 1988-92

Personal:

Professor of Population, Rockefeller University 1975- ; b. 1944; PhD (Applied Math) Harvard 1970, MPH 1970, PHD (public health) 1970; "Road to Ruin", by T. A. Bass, Discover, May 1992, v. 13, p. 56 (discusses Prof. Cohen's career)

Publications:

1992 "How many people can earth hold", Discover, Nov., v. 13, p. 114; 1978 Food Webs and Niche Space, Monographs in Population Biology # 11, Princeton Press; 1971 "Legal Abortions, socioeconomic status and measured intelligence in the US" Social Biology

Quotes:

Prof. Cohen Becomes Humorous:

"You might think that life would be dull without sex but not so. Sex is only one of nature's several ways of shuffling genes so that there's plenty of variability among organisms. ... For example, cows and termites carry microorganisms ... As long as natural selection is at work, life would still be fun" from "What Would Life Be Like Without Sex", Discover, June 1992

Source: SB 1988-1992

Conklin, Prof. Edwin G. - Director 1923-30; Advisory Council 1923-26

Pubns:

1943 Man Real and Ideal: Observations and Reflections on Man's Nature Development and Destiny Scribners; "The Future of America: a Biological Forecast", Harpers, v. 156, April 1928; "Some Recent Criticisms of Eugenics", paper read at Galton Society, reprinted in Eugenical News, v. 8, #5, May 1928; Heredity and Environment 1925; "Some Biological Aspects of Immigration", Scribners, v. 69, March 1921; Heredity and Environment in the Development of Man, 1915, Princeton Univ. Press

Source: AESM 1925, 1928; Eugenics, Feb., 1929; Mehler p. 323-4

Cook, Robert Carter - Director 1939-63

Personal:

b. 1898 Washington D.C.; d. 1991; son of botanist, Orator Fuller Cook; attended Sidwell Friends; became editor of Journal of Heredity (1922-62) at urging of Alexander Graham Bell; Population Reference Bureau (Director, then president 1952-68); consultant on population and genetics, National Parks Association 1968; Lect., George Washington University 1944-63; American Genetic Association, Washington DC 1940-57; Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954; Lasker Award 1955

Publications:

1968 People: An introduction to the study of population., Population Reference Bureau, Washington; 1962 "How many people have ever lived on earth", Population Bulletin 28 (1): 1-17; Journal of Heredity, editor 1922-62 (journal of American Genetic Association); 1962 Population and Food Supply., United Nations, Office of Public Information, FFHC Basic Study No. 7; 1951 Human Fertility: the modern dilemma, 1951, London (chps. two and three originally published in the Atlantic Monthly under the title "Puerto Rico: An Explosion of People"); 1946 How heredity builds our lives: an introduction to human genetics and eugenics., w/ Barbara S. Burks q.v., Washington, American Genetic Assn. 1939-45; 1939 Editorial Cttee, Eugenical News; 1939 Birth Control Review, Consulting editor; 1939 "Bootleg Birth Control", Colliers; "A Year of German Sterilization", J. of Heredity, v. 26, #12, Dec. 1935

Quotes:

-- 1939 In "Better Birth Control" he called for "more births among the "groups of higher intelligence" and fewer from the "least intelligent, least trained and least capable groups", a concept that fell into disfavor after the brutal excesses of the Nazis in Germany" (quoted in Washington Post obit, Jan. 9, 1991)

-- 1951 "Next to the atom bomb, the most ominous force in the world today is uncontrolled fertility", (from Human Fertility: the modern dilemma quoted in Washington Post obit, Jan. 9, 1991)

Source: EN 1939-53; EQ 1954-63; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; BCR, Nov. 1939; WWWIA; Obit. Washington Post, Jan. 9, 1991, B-4); Mehler p. 325

Cornblatt, Barbara A. - Director 1987-92

Personal:

Mt. Sinai School of Medicine, NYC 1991; New York State Psychiatric Institute 1987-90

Source: SB 1987-92

Crow, Prof. James Franklin - Director 1971-74, 1979-81

Personal:

b. 1916; PhD 1941 (genetics), Univ. of Texas; Dartmouth 1941-48; Dept. of Genetics, University of Wisconsin, Madison (1948-(1992), Prof. of Medical Genetics 1958-86, Emeritus 1986-(1992); Genetics Society America (Pres., 1960); American Society of Human Genetics (Member 1954, Pres. 1963); NIH (Chmn., genetics study sect. 1965-68); NAS (cttee genetic effects radiation 1960-63 & 1970-72; Chmn., cttee effects envir. mutagens 1980); cited by Jensen

Pubns:

1991 "Wright's Shifting Balance Theory: an experimental study", W. J. Wade, w/ reply by J. F. Crow, Science, v. 253, p. 973 Aug. 30; 1989 Population Biology of Genes and Molecules, w/ N. Takahata; 1986 Basic Concepts in Population, Quantitative and Evolutionary Genetics; 1981 "Measurement of Inbreeding from the Frequency of Marriage Between Persons of the Same Name", Social Biology, v. 29, #1-2 (reprinted in 1981 issue of Social Biology as one of the most frequently cited articles of Social Biology); 1981 "The Effect of Assortative Mating on the Genetic Composition of a Population, Social Biology, v. 29, #1-2 (reprinted in 1981 as one of the most frequently cited articles of Social Biology); 1979 "Genes That Violate Mendel's Rules", Scientific American, Feb.; 1968 "Selective Mating, Assortative Mating, and Inbreeding: Definitions and Implications", w/ D. Kirk q.v., and R. Lewontin q.v., Eugenics Quarterly, v. 15:141 (Background explanation: "assortative mating does not change gene frequency, whereas selective mating does" from H. C. Spencer, Social Biology 1992, v. 39, p. 310); 1959 "Ionizing Radiation and Evolution", Scientific American, Sept.; 1957 "Possible Consequences of an Increased Mutation Rate", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 4, #2

Quotes:

1972 [Artificial insemination] "could ... produce in a single generation quite drastic changes in height, intelligence, or any other quantitative trait with a high heritability if it were widely applied ... [does a parent] have an inalienable right to produce a child that is uneducable?... The right to reproduce at will is regarded as a basic human right. I cannot see this remaining true much longer ... world wide control of birthrates is an absolute necessity ... If this is achieved with wide public acceptance, then some concern over differential reproduction is also in order.

The means of eugenics are becoming acceptable. Abortion ... Artificial insemination ... birth control ... There is no unanimity now as to what constitutes positive eugenic goals ... We would surely agree that variety is to be preferred to uniformity ... as a hedge against unforeseen contingencies in the future ... Negative aims ... for the genes causing muscular dystrophy, hemophilia, Tay-Sachs disease and the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome to become extinct ... the question is one of means ... We have Nazi Germany as a horrible example of how badly such a program can go wrong ... I want to see the subject [of negative eugenics] discussed. If eugenics is a dirty word we can find something else that means the same thing" from "Conclusion" by Crow in Proc. of a symposium, Advances in Human Genetics and Their Impact on Society, Birth Defects Original Articles Series, v. 8, #4, July, 1972

Source: SB 1971 (Sept.)-1974, 1979-81; Osborne list; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; AMWS 1976; WSW 1986, 1992

Davenport, Charles B. - 1929

Source: Eugenics, Feb., 1929

Davis, Prof. Kingsley - 1952-55; Member 1956, 1974

Personal:

b. Texas 1908; sociology, demography, social science (applied); Univ. of California at Berkeley (Prof. of Sociology 1955-70; Dept. of Sociology and Social Institutions 1956-; Chmn., International Population and Urban Research, Univ. California at Berkeley 1956-77; Chmn., Dept. of Sociology 1961-63; Ford Prof. 1970-77); University of Southern California (Distinguished Professor of Sociology 1977-); MA Sociology 1933 Harvard Univ.; Smith College 1934-36; Clark University, Worcester, Massachusetts 1936-37; Pennsylvania State University (Assoc. Prof., then Chmn. of the Sociology Department 1937-42); research assoc., Office of Population Research, Princeton Univ. 1942-44; Princeton Univ. (assoc. prof. of public affairs 1944-45, assoc. prof. of anthropology and sociology 1945-48; the Department of Public Affairs supported the Office of Population Research); Columbia Univ., Director and Prof. of Sociology at the Bureau of Applied Social Research 1948-55; US representative to the Population Commission, United Nations 1954-61; Carnegie Corp. traveling fellow 1952; led a social science team sponsored by the Carnegie Corporation to ten countries; emphasized that social communication varies from society to society (propaganda must be appropriate); Center Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences, fellow 1956-57, 1980-81; American Sociology Assn. (Pres., 1959); Sociol. Research Assn. (Pres., 1960); Population Assn. of America (Pres., 1962-63); International Union for the Scientific Study of Population (Chmn., 1967-68); American Philosophical Society; Mem: Adv. Council, NASA 1977-82

Publications:

1988 Below Replacement Fertility in Industrial Societies: Causes, Consequences and Policies; 1986 Contemporary Marriage: Comparative Perspectives on a Changing Institution, Russell Sage, and Basic Books; 1974 "The Migrations of Human Populations", Scientific American, Special Population Issue, Sept.; 1972 World Urbanization 1950-70; 1965 "The Urbanization of the Human Population", Scientific American, Sept.; 1963 "Population", Scientific American, Sept.; 1960 Population and Welfare in Industrial Societies, 4th Annual Dorothy B. Nyswander lecture; 1958 "A Crowding Hemisphere: Population Change in the Americas" Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, (March); 1954 "Institutional Patterns Favoring High Fertility in Underdeveloped Areas", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 2, # 1; 1954 "The Demographic Foundations of National Power" in Berger et al Freedom and Control in Modern Society., New York, Van Nostrand; 1951 The Population of India and Pakistan. 1951; "Population and the Further Spread of Industrial Society", Proc. American Philosophical Society Vol. 95, #1; 1949 Human Society. 1949 (his key work according to conventional wisdom); 1945 World Population in Transition. (Ed.), Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, January 1945

Source: EN 1952-53; EQ 1954-55, 1956; Osborne list; WSWIA 1990; "Kingsley Davis" Encyclopedia Britannica 15th edition; Population and World Power. Organski and Organski, 1961, Alfred Knopf and Co.

Davis, Watson - 1936, 1939-66

Personal:

b. 1896, Washington DC; civil engineering, George Washington Univ. 1918; d. June 27, 1967; Science editor, Washington Herald 1920-22; (Ed.) Things of Science 1940-; CBS radio program 193959; Director, Science Clubs of America 1941-; Director, Westinghouse Science Talent Search 1942-; Exec. Bd., National Child Research Center; Trustee, George Washington U. 1949-61; Population Society of America; Director, Science Service (managing editor 1921-), Washington DC, 1719 N. St. NW Tel. # 202 7852255; Cosmos Club

Publications:

The Century of Science. 1963; Editorial Cttee, Eugenical News 1942-45; The Advance of Science. 1934 (Ed.) New York; Science News Letter April 2 1921- Mar 5 1966

Source: WWWIA; AESM, May 1936; EN 1939-53; EQ 1954-66

Denny, George V. - 1939

Personal:

Pres., Town Hall Inc., New York, NY 1939

Source: EN 1939

Dice, Lee R. - 1952-71; Member 1974

Personal:

b. 1887; University of Michigan (1952-71; Institute of Human Biology 1952-58 (Director (1952-55); Laboratory of Vertebrate Biology 1959); American Society of Human Genetics (Pres. 1951, Member 1954)

Publications:

Natural Communities. 1968 Ann Arbor; The Biotic Provinces of North America. 1943 Ann Arbor

Source: EN 1952-53; EQ 1954-68; SB 1969-71 (1971 June); Osborne list; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1951, 1954

Dobzhansky, Theodosius - see under officers

Duncan, Otis Dudley - see under officers

Dyke, Bennett - Member 1974; 1975-77

Personal:

Dept. Anthropology, Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park 1974-77; biological anthropology

Publications:

1971 "Potential Mates in a Small Human Population", Social Biology, v. 18, 1; 1976 "On the Minimum Size of Endogamous Populations", Social Biology, v. 23, 1 (this article is asking the question: If people marry within their own social group, what is the minimum size which that group must maintain to avoid extinction?); 1980 "Assortative Mate Choice and Mating Opportunity on Sanday, Orkney Islands", Social Biology, v. 27, 3

Source: Osborne list; SB 1975-77; AMWS 14th ed.

Eckland, Bruce K.- see under officers

Ehrhardt, Anke A. - 1986-88

Personal:

New York State Psychiatric Institute 1986-88

Publications:

1985 The Clinical Guide to Child Psychiatry. ed. w/ David D. Shaffer, Laurence L. Greenhill) New York, London, Free Press; Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology. 1980 w/ David Young, New York, Appleton Century; Man & Woman, Boy & Girl: the differentiation and dimorphism of gender identity from conception to maturity. 1972 w/ John Money, John Hopkins Univ. Press; 1966 "Defective figure drawing, geometric and human in Turner's syndrome", w/ J. S. Money, J. Nerv. Ment. Dis., v. 142:161 ff

Background:

Man and Woman, Boy and Girl. is "a well known study of girls who had been 'masculinized' by exposure in utero to androgenic steroids administered to their mothers..." according to Not in Our Genes. by R. Lewontin q.v. and others p. 136

Background:

-- John Money: MD; Prof. of Medical Psych. and Prof. of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins Univ.; Founder, Psychohormonal Research Unit (SB, 1992, p. 323)

-- Other writings by John Money:

1993 "Parable, Principle and the Military Ban", Society, November 1993, p. 22 ( "one might wonder about the fitness of avowed heterosexuals to be defenders of the nation if they are not able to secure one small appendage at the end of their bellies against the intrusive gaze, or even solicitation, of a fellow human being" (from "Parable, Principle and the Military Ban", Society, November 1993, p. 22; this same article suggests that those wishing to evade the draft in future wars might engage in homosexual acts down at the Washington Monument if the military ban stays in place.); 1992 The Kaspar Hauser Syndrome of 'Psychosocial Dwarfism': Deficient Statural, Intellectual and Social Growth Induced by Child Abuse 1992, Prometheus Press, New York; 1991 The Breathless Orgasm: A Lovemap Biography of Asphyxiophilia, Prometheus; 1989 Vandalized Lovemaps: Paraphilic Outcomes of Seven Cases in Pediatric Sexology, Prometheus; 1986 Venuses Penuses, Prometheus; 1985 The Destroying Angel: Sex, Fitness and Food in the Legacy of Degeneracy Theory, Graham Crackers, Kelloggs' Corn Flakes and American Health History, Prometheus; Gay, Straight and In Between; Biographies of Gender and Hermaphrodites; Lovemaps; Handbook of Forensic Sexology ;

-- Violence Initiative and Contraceptives

1993 Understanding and Preventing Violence National Research Council Report , Vol. 2 Biobehavioral Perspectives of Violence, Discussed in "The Biology of Violence, BioScience, May 1994. This report discusses work done at the Institute of Behavior Genetics in Colorado, which is headed by John C. Defries. The Institute says that genes contribute to alcohol and drug abuse in individuals with an anti-social personality disorder. The Report also discusses fetal exposure to testosterone. According to the BioScience article the Report says that "girls who were accidentally exposed to androgenic steroids in utero showed an increased tendency to be more aggressive than their peers whereas boys who were accidentally exposed to anti androgenic steroids were not as aggressive as their peers" ("The Biology of Violence, BioScience, May 1994)

Source: SB 1986-88

Ehrman, Lee - Member 1974; Director 1976-1978, 1986-88, 1993-94

Personal:

b. 1935; PhD (genetics) Columbia 1959; USPHS fellowship in genetics, Columbia 1959-62; Rockefeller Univ. (research assoc. in genetics 1964-(1973)); State University of New York (SUNY), Purchase, NY (Prof., Division of Natural Sciences 1972-(1994); NIH, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, research career development award 1964-(1973); NSF grants 1979-84; NIMH 1979-80; seminar on Population biology, Columbia Univ. 1981-(1994); NIH grant 1987-(1994); Member: AES 1973, Society Study Evolution, Genetics Society America, Animal Behavior Soc., American Society Zoologists, American Society Naturalists (Pres. 1990), Behavior Genetics Soc. (Pres. 1978); studied reproductive isolating mechanisms

Pubns:

1981 Behavior Genetics and Evolution; Co-editor, Behavior Genetics 1994

Source: Osborne list; SB 1976-78, 1986-88, 1993-94; AMWS 1973; WSWIA 1995

Ellis, Lee - 1993-94

Personal:

Minot State Univ. 1993-94

Source: SB 1993-94

Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. - see under officers

Evans, S. Wayne - 1931

Source: AESM 1931

Fairchild, Prof. Henry Pratt - see under officers

Ferguson, Mrs. Robert - 1958-62

Personal:

New York City 1958-62

Source: EQ 1958-62

Fisher, Irving - see under officers

Folsom, Joseph K.; see under officers

Fraser, Dr. F. Clarke - (Foreign) Member 1956; Director 1966-74; Member 1974

Personal:

MD; b. 1920; McGill University, Montreal (1954-74; Human Genetics sector, 1966-69); Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954

Publications:

1989 Medical Genetics: Principles and Practice, w/ James J. Nora (3rd ed., rev. 1989 NEJM, v. 320, May 25, 1989, p. 1432; 1987 Genetics of Man w. James J. Nora (rev. Joe Leigh Simpson q.v., 1987 JAMA, v. 257, April 3, 1987, p. 1815); 1956 "Heredity Counseling: the darker side" Eugenics Quarterly, 3, 45-51

Source: EQ 1956, 1966-68; SB 1969-74; Osborne list; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954

Freymann, Moye - Director 1971-72; Member 1974

Personal:

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Carolina Population Center 1971-72, 1974

Source: SB 1971-72; Osborne list

Frisch, Rose - Member 1974; Director 1976-1978; M 1987

Personal:

Harvard University, Center on Population 1974, 1976-1978

Pubns:

1990 Adipose Tissue and Reproduction, Progress in Reproductive Biology and Medicine; 1988 "Fatness and Fertility", Scientific American, March; 1987 Comment on "Female Reproductive Development: A Hazards Model Analysis" in Social Biology, v. 34, 3-4; 1978 "Population, Intake and Fertlity", Science, 199:4324, 22-30; 1975 "Demographic Implications of the Biological Determinants of Female Fecundity", Social Biology, v. 22, #1, p. 17 (reprinted in 1981 issue of Social Biology as one of the most frequently cited articles of Social Biology)

Source: Osborne list; SB 1976-1978

Fuller, John L. - see under officers

Glass, Prof. H. Bentley - Member 1956; Director 1958-71; Member 1974

Personal:

b. China 1906; Academic Vice President, State University of New York, Stoney Brook, NY (Prof. of biology 1965-76; Academic v. p. 1965-71; Emeritus 1976- (1992)); Johns Hopkins (Dept. of Biology 1948-, Prof. 1952-65); Fellow in Genetics, National Research Council (Univ. of Oslo, KAISER WILHELM INSTITUTE, Univ. of Missouri; Institute of Biological Science (1951-, Pres., 1954-56, Chmn., Biological Science curriculum study 1959); National Academy of Science, Cttee genetic effects of radiation; 1955-64; Maryland Civil Liberties Union (Pres.); American Society of Naturalists (Pres., 1965); Genetics Society of America (v.p.); Phi Beta Kappa (Pres. 1967); American Society of Human Genetics (Member 1954; Pres. 1967); AAAS (Pres. 1969); American Philosophical Society (Director, History and Genetics Project 1978-86)

Publications:

1985 Progress or Catastrophe: The Nature of Biological Science and Its Impact on Human Society, Greenwood; Forerunners of Darwin 1745-1859, Johns Hopkins; Editor: Quarterly Review of Biology 1958- (1967); Houghton Mifflin (Biology editor, 1946-), Survey of Biological Progress, editor, 1954-62; " Maupertius: a forgotten genius", Scientific American, Oct. 1955; "The Genetics of the Dunkers", Scientific American, Aug. 1953; suggested that science had ended in his lifetime

Background:

Judith Blake

married to H.B. Glass

Pubns:

1986 "Number of Siblings, Family Background, and the Process of Educational Attainment", Social Biology, v. 33, #1-2

Source: EQ 1956, 1958-68; SB 1969-71 (June 1971); Osborne list; AMWS 12th Ed.; AMWS 1992-93; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; "Phi Beta Kappa Head", NYT 8/31/67, p. 24

Goodman, Prof. Harold O. - Member 1956, 1974; Director 1983-85

Personal:

b. 1924; Michigan State College (Dept. of Zoology 1954-58); Bowman Gray Medical School (Preventive Medicine and Genetics 1960-, Prof. 1970-); Member, Eugenics Society (London); Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954

Source: EQ 1956; SB 1983-85; Osborne list; AMWS 12th Ed.; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954

Goodsell, Prof. Willystine - see under officers

Gottesman, Irving I. - see under officers

Gottfredson, Linda S. - 1991-93

Personal:

University of Delaware 1991-92; involved in controversy over accepting money from the Pioneer Fund (see Harry Laughlin q.v.); race-norming; political correctness; her associate, R. A. Gordon (q.v.), at Johns Hopkins believes that African Americans are on average genetically inferior in intelligence (see "Egalitarian Fiction, Collective Fraud", Society, v. 31, no. 3, April 1994 and The Battle to Establish a Sociology of Intelligence: A Case Study in the Sociology of Politicized Disciplines by R. Gordon, Johns Hopkins 1993)

Pubns:

1994 "Egalitarian Fiction, Collective Fraud", Society, v. 31, no. 3, April (see also "Race Norming", Society and Science, March/ April 1990 which "first gave prominence" to race norming acc. to Society and Science, Oct. 1994, p. 3)

Quotes:

1994 The IQ Debate;

"a general falsehood ... undergirds much current social policy ... this `egalitarian fiction' holds that racial-ethnic groups never differ in average developed intelligence [or]... g ... (from "Egalitarian Fiction, Collective Fraud", Society, v. 31, no. 3, April 1994)

Source: SB 1991-93; Delaware papers 1991-92

Grant, Madison - see under officers

Greenbaum, Edward S. - 1938

Personal:

lawyer; Greenbaum, Wolff and Ernst

(Minutes, May 1938); Ernst of this firm represented Margaret Sanger in the case One Package v. US in 1938 (he was on the board of directors of the Birth Control Federation of America). Morgan was deeply involved with British finance.

Source: AESM, May 1938

Gurnee, Belle - 1939-44

Personal:

Hull's Cove, Maine 1943-44; Washington, DC 1939-42

Publications:

Eugenical News, Advisory Board 1936

Source: EN, May/ June 1936; EN 1939-44

Guttmacher, Alan F. - see under officers

Hamburg, Beatrix A. - see under officers

Hamburg, Prof. Dr. David A. - Member 1974; Director 1989-1991

Personal:

President, Carnegie Corp., NY 1983-; b. 1925; Indiana Univ. 1947 MD; Psychiatrist; Chief, adult psychiatry branch, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) 1958-61; Stanford University School of Medicine (Prof. of Psychiatry 1961-76, Chmn., Dept. of Psychiatry 1969-76); Reed Hodgson Prof. of Human Biology 197276); National Academy of Science, Institute of Medicine (President, 1975-80); J. D. MacArthur Professor of health policy and director, division of health policy research 1980-82, Harvard; Consultant, UNESCO 1969-70; Chmn., various cttees, NIMH, HEW, WHO, National Academy of Science; awards APHA, WHO; American Academy of Science (AAAS), President 1984-85; Member, American Society of Human Genetics; Fellow, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences 1957-58; National Academy of Science, Institute of Medicine (Pres. 1975-80); WHO, Advisory Comm. on Medical Research 1975-86; Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease (Pres. 1967-68)

Pubns:

1994 Carnegie Commission Report on Children; 1993 "The American Family Transformed", Society, v. 30, p. 60 January; 1992 Today's Children: Creating a Future for a Generation in Crisis; 1992 "Losing the Next Generation", by A. Toufaxis, Time, v. 139, p. 59, March 23; 1989 Psychosocial Perspectives on Health: Implications for Research and Developing Services, Cambridge; Health and Behavior: Frontiers of Research in Bio-behavioral Sciences , Institute of Medicine Press

Source: SB 1989-1991; AMWS 1992; Directory of Medical Specialists, vol. 2, 25th edition, 1991-92

Hammons, Helen G. - see under officers

Hankins, Prof. Frank H.- 1939-57

Personal:

Professor of Sociology, Smith College (1939-52; Emeritus 1953-57); University of Pennsylvania, Visiting Professor of Sociology 1947; Birth Control Federation of America, Advisory Council 1939; Consulting Editor, Birth Control Review 1939; Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954

Pubns:

1908 Adolphe Quetelet as a Statistician, (reprinted, Columbia University)

Source: EN 1939-52; EQ 1953-57; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; BCR, Nov. 1939; BCR, Feb./March 1939

Hardin, Prof. Garrett - Member 1956; Director 1971-74

Personal:

b. 1915; University of California at Santa Barbara 1971-74; Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954

Publications:

1994 Living Within Limits, Oxford; "Interview", Omni, v. 14, p. 55, June; 1974 Mandatory Motherhood, Boston; Stalking the Wild Taboo. 1973 (about abortion); Birth Control. 1970 (Biological Sciences Curriculum Study book) New York, Pegasus; Science and Controversy: population, a case study. 1969 (Intended to accompany Population, Evolution and Birth Control) San Francisco, W. H. Freeman; Population, Evolution and Birth Control: a collage of controversial readings. 1969 2nd Ed (1st Ed 1964) San Francisco, Freeman; "The Tragedy of the Commons" Science CLXII 1968 1243-48; 39 Steps to Biology; readings from the Scientific American. 1968 San Francisco, Freeman; Biology: its principles and implications. 1961 San Francisco, Freeman; Nature and Man's Fate. 1959 New York, Rinehart; Biology: its human implications. 2nd Ed 1952. San Francisco, Freeman (cited Human Breeding and Survival. by Guy Irving Burch q.v. for further reading)

Quote:

-- Eugenics, democracy and social reform:

"in other animals, [that is, other than man, Ed note] where experimentation is possible, it has been clearly shown that there are inheritable factors that determine the limits of intellectual ability ... In all cases ... studies indicate that as long as our present social organization [i.e. democracy, Ed note] continues there will be a slow but continuous downward trend in the average intelligence ... Every time a philanthropist sets up a foundation to look for a cure for a certain disease he thereby threatens humanity eugenically ... Again consider the matter of charity. When one saves a starving man, one may thereby help him breed more children ... It is not possible to avoid eugenic action; every time we support a charity, endow a research institute, or promulgate a new taxation scheme, our actions whether good or bad, have eugenic consequences, however unconscious we may be of them." from chapter "Man: Evolution in the Future" in Biology: its human implications. quoted in Chase p. 372 , 374

-- Eugenics and coercion:

"Freedom in a commons brings ruin to all ... to couple the concept of freedom to breed with the belief that everyone has a born equal right to the commons is to lock the world into a tragic course of action" (from "Tragedy of the Commons" quoted in Chase p. 393) In actual fact, the theft of the commons by the British elite enriched them and ruined the peasant class of England.

Source: EQ 1956; SB 1971-72 (Sept. 1971), 1973, 1974; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954

Herndon, Dr. C. Nash - see under officers

Howe, Mrs. Lucien - 1931

Source: AESM 1931

Howells, Prof. William White - Member 1956; Director 1966-71; Member 1974

Personal:

b. 1908; physical anthropologist who specialized in showing population relationships through measurements; pioneered cranial measurements in world population studies; developed anthropology curricula; wrote popular books; PhD Harvard 1934; then worked with Ernest Hooton of the American Eugenics Society Advisory Council in 1929; Univ. Wisconsin (asst. prof. to Prof. anthropology 1939-54) & American Museum of Natural History, New York City; Harvard Univ. (offered a chair of anthropology at Harvard following Hooton's death in 1954; Prof. Anthropology 1954-74, Emeritus 1974-(1995)); Peabody Museum of American Ethn. Harvard 1956); Member, American Society of Human Genetics 1954; Viking Fund Medal 1954 (Wenner Gren Foundation); American Anthropology Assn. (Pres. 1951); American Assn. Physical Anthropologists (Charles Darwin Lifetime Achievement Award 1992)

Publications:

1993 Getting Here: The Story of Human Evolution; 1989 Skull Shapes and the Map: Craniometric Analysis in the Dispersion of Modern Homo; 1987 The Solomon Islands Project: a long term study of health, human biology and cultural change. ed. by J. Friedlander w/ W. Howells, Oxford Univ. Press; 1973 Evolution of the Genus Homo. Reading, Massachusetts; 1979 "The Neanderthals", Scientific American, Dec.; 1973 Cranial Variation in Man: a study by multivariate analysis of patterns of difference among recent human populations. Cambridge ("authoritative" Encyclopedia Britannica 15th edition 1987 vol. 6 p. 93); 1973 The Pacific Islanders; 1970 Hutterite Age Differences in Body Measurements. w/ Herman Bleibtreu, Cambridge, MA, Peabody Museum; 1960 (rev. ed. 1967) Mankind in the Making: the story of human evolution.; 1966 "Homo Erectus", Scientific American, Nov. 1966; 1966 Craniometry and multivariate analysis: the Jomon population of Japan. Cambridge; 1962 Ideas on Human Evolution (ed.); 1960 "The Distribution of Man", Scientific American, Sept.; 1959 (rev. ed. 1967) Mankind in the Making; 1954 Back of History; 1949 Early Man in the Far East. Philadelphia, American Association of Physical Anthropologists; 1948 The Heathens: primitive man and his religion. 1948 Garden City, NY; 1944 Mankind So Far. Garden City, NY; 1933 Anthropometry and Blood Types in Fiji and Solomon Islands: based upon data of Wm. L. Moss. Anthropological Papers of the American Museum of Natural History

Source: EQ 1966-68, SB 1969-71 (June 1971); Osborne list; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954; "William W. Howells" Encyclopedia Britannica 15th edition 1987 vol. 6; WSWIA 1995

Hulse, Frederick - 1971-74

Personal:

b. 1906; University of Arizona (Dept. of Anthropology 1971-74), Tucson

Pubns:

1964 "The Paragon of Animals", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 11, no. 1; 1963 The Human Species: an introduction to physical anthropology; 1961 "Welfare, Demography and Genetics", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 8, no. 4;. 1939 Migration and Environment: a study of the physical characteristics of the Japanese immigrants to Hawaii and the effects of environment on their descendants., w/ H. L. Shapiro q.v., Oxford Univ. Press

Source: SB (Sept.) 1971-1974; Osborne list

Huntington, Ellsworth - see under officers

Judy-Bond, Helen - see under officers

Johnson, Roswell H. - see under officers

Kallmann, Prof. Dr. Franz J.- 1952, 1954-65

Personal: Holocaust Betrayer

Founder of medical genetics in the United States; trained in Germany under the Rudin, who helped write the race laws

German Career:

b. 1897 Neumarket, Germany; d. May 12, 1965; MD Breslau 1919; Ass't. psychiatric univ. clinics Breslau-Berlin 1919-27; Director, neuropathology lab, Berlin Herzeberge and Berlin-Wuhlgarten, also research fellow Max Planck (Kaiser Wilhelm) Institute of Psychiatry, Munich 1928-35; believed that schizophrenia and tuberculosis were genetically based.

(Max Planck = Kaiser Wilhelm because the Kaiser Wilhelm Society was renamed the Max Planck Society after World War II. Thus, Prof. Kallmann was working at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute with Rudin, the architect of Hitler's laws, before the war. But if you want to trace Rudin or Kallmann you must look for "Max Planck" as well as "Kaiser Wilhelm". The Kaiser Wilhelm/ Max Planck Society has a very distinguished record in physics and other "hard" sciences. The biological/anthropological section was connected with experiments at Auschwitz but seems to be sheltered by its connection with the other institutes.)

Kallmann was half Jewish so lost his position under later Nazi laws

American Career:

came to USA 1936; New York State Psychiatric Institute (Geneticist 1936-51, chief of psychiatric research 1952-65); Columbia University (Prof. of Psychiatry 1955-63, Emeritus 196365); Fellow: American Gerontological Assn., AAAS; Member: American Society of Human Genetics (Founder 1948; Pres., 1951-52; Member 1954), American Psychopathological Assn. (Pres. 1964-65, see Paul Hoch q.v.), Eastern Psychiatric Research Assn. (Pres., 1963-64)

Publications:

1962 Expanding Goals of Genetics in Psychiatry., Grune and Stratton (genetic counseling); 1956 "Genetic and Eugenic Aspects of Early Total Deafness" w/ Diane Sank, Eugenics Quarterly, v. 3, #2; 1953 Heredity in Health and Mental Disorder: principles of psychiatric genetics in the light of comparative twin studies, New York; 1943 "Percentage Frequency of Tuberculosis in the Families of 308 Tubercular Twins", American Review of Tuberculosis, v. 47; 1938 The Genetics of Schizophrenia: a study of Heredity and Reproduction in the families of 1087 schizophrenics, NY . (The first edition of The Genetics of Schizophrenia was printed in Germany and New York. One year later a full scale plan of mental health exterminations was under way in Germany because it had been "proved" that mental disease was hereditary. Kallmann's work was part of this "proof". The personnel trained in these exterminations went on to the Holocaust camps in the 1940's.)

Background:

Friendly Comment:

"Dr. Franz J. Kallmann, who was formerly associated with Dr. Ernst Rudin, investigating in genetic psychiatry, is now attached to the Psychiatric Institute and Hospital, New York, where he is doing research work in the same field." EN 1938 p. 34

Hostile Comment:

"The picture of Kallmann as a bleeding heart protector of schizophrenics, adjusting his scientific theories to mirror his compassion, is grotesquely false. The first Kallmann publication on schizophrenia is in a German volume edited by Harmsen and Lohse that contains the proceedings of the frankly Nazi International Congress for Population Science. There, in Berlin, Kallmann argued vigorously for the sterilization of the apparently healthy relatives of schizophrenics, as well as of schizophrenics themselves. ... The eugenicist views of Kallmann were not confined to obscure Nazi publications but were also made widely available in English after his arrival in the United States in 1936. In 1938 he wrote of schizophrenics as a 'source of maladjusted crooks, asocial eccentrics, and the lowest type of criminal offenders. Even the faithful believer in ... liberty would be much happier without those ... I am reluctant to admit the necessity of different eugenic programs for democratic and fascistic communities ... there are neither biological nor sociological differences between a democratic and a totalitarian schizophrenic.' The extremity of Kallmann's totalitarian passion for eugenic sterilization was clearly indicated in his major 1938 text. Precisely because of the recessivity of the illness, it was above all necessary to prevent the reproduction of the apparently healthy children and siblings of schizophrenics.... These views of the future President of the American Society of Human Genetics are so bloodcurdling that one can sympathize with the efforts of present day geneticists to misrepresent or suppress them." from Not in Our Genes., 1984, Richard Lewontin and others. pp. 208-9.

Significance

To understand the significance of Kallmann, look in the Index under the entry American Society of Human Genetics. Note the number of American Eugenics Society members who were members of the American Society of Human Genetics. Reflect on the fact that Leo Alexander, Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer, Hans Nachtsheim, Fritz Lenz and Hans Gunther were all members in 1954 of Kallmann's Society. Realize that this same Society dominates the Human Genome Project. Become aware that this Society has developed hundreds of prenatal tests but does not look for cures though every test is hyped in the newspapers as a potential lead towards a cure.

Finally, be prepared.

This Society has gained complete control of the field of medical genetics (negative eugenics) which field the American Medical Society has recently recognized as a specialty. Authoritative "Board certified" American voices could soon be saying what Hitler, with Kallmann's help, said once before.

"Hitler's arithmetic", which was another name for containing health care costs through health care reform, could circulate among us again. Someone might explain that they wish to be good to the (productive) American people.

Source: EN 1938; WWWIA; Encyclopedia Britannica article on Max Planck; EN 1952; The Men Behind Hitler.; EQ 1954-65; Membership list, American Society of Human Genetics, AJHG 1954

Kaplan, Arnold R. - Member 1956; Director Sept. 1971-1972

Personal:

Cleveland Psychiatric Institute 1971-72

Pubns:

1965 "On the Genetics of `Schizophrenia' ", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 12, no. 3; 1958 "Biochemical Studies in Schizophrenia", Eugenics Quarterly, v. 5, no. 2

Source: EQ 1956; SB 1971 (Sept.), 1972 (March)

Kety, Seymour - 1981-1986

Personal:

b. 1915 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; MD Univ. Penn 1940; Univ Penn Sch Med (instr to asst prof. pharmacology 1943-48, Prof. Clinical Physiology 1948-51); NIH (National Institutes of Mental Health, Neurological Disease and Blindness (Dir. 1951-56; NIMH (1956-67; sr. scientist 1983-(1995)); Harvard Univ. Med. Sch. (1967-80; Prof. Neuroscience 1980-83, Emeritus); now at NIMH; Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Disease (Pres. 1967, 1980); American Psychopathic Assn. (Pres. 1965); Paul Hoch (AES) Award 1973; Edward Mapother (ES) Lecture 1974; Henry Maudsley (ES) Lecture 1978; Trustee, Rockefeller Univ. 1976-85

Pubns:

editor in chief, Journal of Psychiatric Research 1959-83; 1983 Genetics of Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, Association for Research in Nervous and Mental Diseases

Background:

Eugenics in the Nineties:

1. Prof. Kety did the first quantitative study of oxygen use and blood flow in the brain which he developed into techniques to measure total and regional cerebral blood flow which provided a basis for measurement and visualization of brain activity;

2. He worked on the importance of genetic factors in schizophrenia: 1988 " `For many years, genetics was in disrepute in psychiatry because you could not do anything about it', says Seymour Kety ... [of NIMH] .... That has changed and now psychiatrists agree that many mental illnesses, including manic depression, schizophrenia and perhaps anxiety disorders, may have a hereditary component. `But the genetic patterns in these disorders are not likely to be clear cut' Kety cautions." Science, Nov. 18, 1988, v. 242, p. 1014

3. All this will be tied in with Dr. Hamburg's work to show (with pictures) that criminals have strange blood flows and need strange adrenocortical drugs. And that crime can be prevented by giving "adrenocortical" drugs to little boys who are aggressive. Rodgers' q.v. and Udry's q.v. work will show that violence is an epidemic running in families and related to early high testosterone. The drugs, as shown by A. Ehrhardt q.v., will feminize the boys though this will not be mentioned. 4. Work on grouse by Darlington has shown that high testosterone in animals enables them to survive being marginal in their society.

Source: SB 1981-1986; WSWIA 1995

Keyfitz, Prof. Nathan - Member 1974, Director 1982-87, 1989-91

Personal:

b. 1913 Canada; PhD Univ. Chicago 1952 (note missing years, may have been working for foundations since he lists "technical assistance assignments" for some of those years. In the Fifties the issue of qualifications may have been raised.); "technical assistance assignments": Burma 1951, Colombo Plan, Sri Lanka, Dir., 1956-57 (eugenicists commented at the time that the Colombo Plan was favorable to family planning), Argentina 1960, Chile 1963, Moscow 1977, 1985 (does not say who assigned him but Ford Fndn. sent him to Indonesia at least once, see below); ; taught sociology and demography at Toronto, Montreal, Chicago, Ohio (Lazarus Prof.), Berkeley, Harvard (Andelot Prof.) 1959-82; International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria 1984-93; Ford Foundation sent Keyfitz to Indonesia where he "became a close advisor to President Suharto", [East Timor genocide] Limiting Population Growth and the Ford Foundation, John Caldwell 1986, p. 117, went to Indonesia, sent by Ford Foundation or others: 1952-53, 1964, 1979, 1985-89

Publications:

1994 Advisory Editor, Social Science and Modern Society, a journal which is participating in the attempted rehabilitation of Cyril Burt of the English Eugenics Society; 1989 "The Growing Human Population", Scientific American, Sept.; 1990 World Population Growth and Aging; 1984 "The Population of China", Scientific American, Feb.; 1982 Population Change and Social Policy; 1980 "Petersen on Malthus", (book review in Contemporary Sociology, v. 9 #2, p. 465; 1977 Applied Mathematical Demography.; 1976 "World Resources and the World Middle Class", Scientific American, July; 1972 "Population theory and doctrine: a historical survey" in Readings in Population. (ed. with Wm. Patterson) (reviews say that this article shows that population theory is based on Malthus); 1972 Causes of Death: Life tables for national populations, w/ Nathan Keyfitz q.v. and Robert Schoen, New York, Seminar Press; 1968 An Introduction to the Mathematics of Population.

Quotes:

1989 Position of the Advisor to Suharto:

"National Leaders ... want to add as few more people as possible ... one birth prevented is one unemployed person fewer in 2010 ... [the unemployed person may be] a high school or college graduate and therefore especially dangerous to political stability"

Source: Osborne list; SB 1982-87, 1989-91; WSWIA 1995

Kidd, Kenneth K. - see under officers

King, Mary Claire - 1992-1994

Personal:

Univ. of California at Berkeley 1992-4

Source: SB 1992-1994

Kirk, Dudley - see under officers

Kiser, Clyde V. - see under officers

Knach, S. - 1936

Source: AESM, May 1936

Krech, Mrs. Shephard - see under officers

Lancaster, Jane Beckman - 1986-91

Personal:

b. 1935; University of New Mexico 1986-90

Publications:

1989 "Measuring Sterility from Incomplete Birth Histories" 1989 Demography, v. 26:185 ff; 1987 "Demographic foundations of family change", American Sociol. Rev., June p. 346 ff; 1987 Parenting Across the Life Span: biosocial dimensions. , (Ed.) New York, A. De Gruyter, sponsored by the Social Science Research Council; 1987 Child Abuse and Neglect: biosocial dimensions., (Ed.) w/ Richard Gelles, New York, A. de Gruyter, sponsored by the Social Sciences Research Council, Committee on biosocial perspectives of Parent Behavior and Offspring Development; 1986 School Age Pregnancy and Parenthood., (see B. Hamburg q.v.); 1976 Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech., Proc. of Conference "Origins and Evolution of Language and Speech" Ed. w/ Steven R. Harnad and Horst Steklis) New York Academy of Sciences; 1975 Primate Behavior and the Emergence of Human Culture., (New York, Holt Rinehart and Winston)

Source: SB 1986-91

Laughlin, Harry H. - see under officers

Lewontin, Dean Richard C.- 1966-77

Personal:

b. 1929; Harvard Univ. 1972-77; PhD (zoology) 1954 Columbia; biometrics, Columbia 1953-54; asst. prof. biology, Univ. Rochester 1958-64; Univ. Chicago (Prof. Biology 1964-73, assoc. dean, Biological Sciences 1966-68); Harvard Univ., Prof. Biology 1973-(1989), Museum of Comparative Zoology, 1990 (see E. Mayr q.v.); NSF fellow, Fulbright fellow; Member: AAAS, Genetic Society America, Society Study Evolution (Pres.) 1970; Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard (see E. Mayr q.v.).

Publications:

1992 "Forensic DNA typing", letters from Lewontin, K. K. Kidd q.v. et al 1992 Science, v. 255, Feb. 28, p. 1050; 1991 "Population Genetics in Forensic DNA Typing", Science, v. 254, p. 1745, Dec. 20; The Dialectical Biologist, 1987; Education and Class: the irrelevance of IQ genetic studies. 1986 w/ Michel Schiff, Oxford University Press; An Introduction to Genetic Analysis. w/ David T. Suzuki, Anthony J. F. Griffiths; The Dialectical Biologist 1985; Not In Our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human Nature. 1984 by R. C. Lewontin, Steven Rose, and Leon Kamin, New York, Pantheon; Dobzhansky's Genetics of Natural Populations. 1981 (papers published between 1937-75), Columbia University Press; Human Diversity 1982; The Genetic Basis of Evolutionary Change 1974; Symposium on Population Biology. 1968 (Ed.), Syracuse Univ. Press; 1968 "Selective Mating, Assortative Mating, and Inbreeding: Definitions and Implications", w/ D. Kirk q.v. and J. Crow q.v., Eugenics Quarterly, v. 15:141 (Background explanation: "assortative mating does not change gene frequency, whereas selective mating does" from H. C. Spencer, Social Biology 1992, v. 39, p. 310); co-editor American Naturalist 1965 (journal of American Society of Naturalists); 1959 "The goodness-of-fit test for detecting natural selection in random mating populations", Evolution, v. 13:561

Background:

-- Marxism and Eugenics:

Engels said: "The whole Darwinist teaching of the struggle for existence is simply a transference from society to living nature of Hobbes' doctrine of bellum omnium contra omnes and of the bourgeois doctrine of competition together with Malthus's theory of population. When this conjurer's trick has been performed ... the same theories are transferred back again from organic nature into history and it is now claimed that their validity as eternal laws of human society has been proved. The puerility of this procedure is so obvious that not a word need be said about it." letter to P. L. Lavrov, 12-17 November 1875 cited in Not In Our Genes: Biology, Ideology and Human Nature. 1984 by R. C. Lewontin, Steven Rose, and Leon Kamin, New York, Pantheon, p. 309

This quotation neatly sums up a problem in the history of eugenics. On the one hand there have been Marxist eugenicists. They are chiefly responsible for exposing Cyril Burt's fraud, though it was L. S. Hearnshaw's book that put the matter beyond doubt. On the other hand, it would seem that, in the nature vs. nurture controversy, Marxism is the classic example of a "nurture" theory while eugenics is a "nature" theory. How then are we to account for the existence of Marxist eugenicists such as J. B. S. Haldane, Theodosius Dobzhansky, and Richard Lewontin? Why are they members of a society dedicated to the theories of Adam Smith as filtered through Darwin? Engels himself pointed out that Darwin's theories were those of Adam Smith. (see above quotation supplied by Lewontin)

Lewontin, for example, argues for a "dialectical explanation" (i.e. leftist) of man and biology as opposed to a "reductionist" (i.e. rightist) sociobiology.

And so we cannot expect Lewontin and others to adopt a "right to life" point of view. Instead we will find them artfully demolishing right wing eugenics while swallowing, ignoring and denying that of the left. Should they come to power they will bring in eugenics just as quickly as the right. In fact, eugenics usually becomes legislation when a liberal government is in power and, as in England in 1966, it votes with the right on an issue such as abortion.

Source: EQ 1966-68; SB 1969-77; AMWS 1989

Lindbergh, Charles A. - 1955-59

Personal:

Spirit of St. Louis; b. 1902; d. 1974; Father was Congressman from Minnesota; two years at University of Wisconsin; became a flier; 1927 made first non stop trans Atlantic flight; married Anne Morrow, daughter of US. ambassador to Mexico, Dwight Morrow 1929; Dwight Morrow was a Morgan Partner; worked for Pan Am; son kidnapped 1932; the Lindberghs went to Europe to escape publicity; worked with Alexis Carrel of the Rockefeller Institute on developing perfusion machine to keep heart alive; studied German air power; advocated US. neutrality in WW II; consultant to United Air Lines; flew combat missions; lived in Connecticut then Hawaii; consultant to Pan Am and Dept. of Defense; appointed Brigadier General in Air Force Reserve by Eisenhower 1954; there is a statue of Charles Lindbergh at the entrance to the Rockefeller Center

Publications:

1978 The Autobiography of Values; The Spirit of St. Louis. 1953; Of Flight and Life. 1948; Wartime Journals 1938-45. published 1970; The Culture of Organs. 1938 w/ Alexis Carrel (Alexis Carrel founded the Vichy Foundation for Human Betterment under the Vichy government.); We. 1927

Background:

1989 (repr.) Lindbergh on the Federal Reserve, C. A. Lindbergh Sr.; 1972 Banking, Currency, the Money Trust and War, C. A. Lindbergh Sr. 1972

Source: EQ 1955-59; "Charles Lindbergh" Encyclopedia Britannica, 15th edition 1987, vol. 7 p. 371-2

Lindeman, Prof. Eduard C. - 1936, 1939-40

Personal:

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) Board of Directors; Prof. of Social Philosophy, New York School of Social Work, New York, NY 1939-40; Birth Control Federation of America, Advisory Council 1939; Citizens Committee for Planned Parenthood 1939

Publications:

Birth Control Review, Consulting editor 1939

Source: AESM 1936; EN 1939-40; WWWIA; BCR April and November 1939; BCR, Feb./March 1939

Lindzey, Gardner - see under officers

Littell, Robert - 1939-44

Publications:

Editorial Committee, Eugenical News 1939-41; Assoc. editor, Readers' Digest 1940-44

Source: EN 1939-44

Little, Clarence C. - see under officers

Loehlin, John Clinton- Director 1968-74; Member 1974

Personal:

b. 1926, India; PhD Berkeley, California 1957; Univ. Texas, Austin (1964-(1995), Prof. of Psychology and Computer Science 1969-92, Emeritus); Center for Advanced Studies in Behavioral Science; Behavior Genetics Assn.

Publications:

1992 Genes and Environment in Personality Development; 1992 Latent Variable Models: An Introduction to Factor, Path and Structural Analysis; 1977 "Genotype-environment interaction and correlation in the analysis of human behavior" w/ J. C. Defries and R. Plomin q.v., Psychol. Bulletin, v. 88, p. 245 ff; 1976 Heredity, Environment and Personality: a study of 850 sets of twins w/ Robert C. Nichols, University of Texas Press; 1975 Race Differences in Intelligence. w/ Gardner Lindzey q.v. and J. N. Spuhler q.v.; 1968 Computer Models of Personality

Source: EQ 1968-69, SB 1969-74

Lorimer, Frank - see under officers